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23  WIST  MAM  STIHT 

WnSm,N.Y.  14SM 

(716)t73*4S03 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Inatituta  for  Historical  IMicroraproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  da  microraproductiona  historiquas 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notaa/Notas  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha 
tott 


Tha  Instituta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturas  of  this 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagas  in  tha 
raproduction.  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


□    Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


r~~|    Covers  damaged/ 


D 


D 
D 


D 
D 


D 


Couverture  endommagAe 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurte  at/ou  pellicula 


r~~|   Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gAographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encra  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I     I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  an  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
RaliA  avac  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  la  long  de  la  marge  intArieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  tha  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certainas  pages  blanches  ajouttes 
lors  d'una  restauration  apparaisaant  dans  la  taxta, 
mais,  lorsqua  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  At4  filmtes. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  At*  poasibia  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
da  cat  exemplaira  qui  sont  paut-Atre  uniques  du 
poirt  de  vue  bibliographiqua,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mtthoda  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


D 
D 
D 
0 
D 
0 
D 
D 
D 
D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pagea  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pagea  andommag4«s 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurAas  et/ou  pelliculAes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dicolorAes.  tachetAes  ou  piquAas 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  dAtachAes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualit*  inAgala  de  I'impreaaion 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprand  du  material  supplAmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmad  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuiilet  d'errata.  une  pelure, 
etc..  ont  M  filmAes  A  nouveau  da  fa^on  A 
obtanir  la  maillaure  image  possible. 


The 
posi 
ofti 
filml 


Orig 
bag! 
thai 
aion 
oth« 
firat 
aion 
or  ill 


Tha 
ahal 
TINI 
whii 

Map 

difff 

antii 

bag 

righ 

raqi 

mat 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentairas: 


This  item  is  filmed  at  tha  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ca  document  est  film*  au  taux  da  reduction  indiquA  ci-daaaoua. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


x/ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


MX 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  fllm«d  h«r«  hu  b««n  raproduead  thank* 
to  th«  ganarotity  of:  \ 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'axampiaira  filmA  fut  raproduit  grAca  A  ia 
gAnirositA  da: 

BibliothAqua  nationala  du  Canada 


Tha  imagaa  appaaring  hara  ara  tlia  baat  quality 
poaaibia  conaldaring  tha  condition  and  lagibillty 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  apacif ications. 


Laa  imagaa  auivantaa  ont  AtA  raproduitaa  avac  la 
plua  grand  aoin,  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattatA  da  l'axampiaira  film*,  at  an 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 


Original  copiaa  In  printad  papar  covara  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illuatratad  impraa- 
aion,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copias  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  liluttratad  Impras- 
slon,  and  anding  on  tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illuatratad  imprassion. 


Las  axamplairas  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  an 
papiar  ast  ImprimAa  sont  filmAs  an  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  aalon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  axamplairas 
originaux  sont  fiimte  an  commenpant  par  la 
pramlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  darniAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  telle 
amprainta. 


Tha  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
ahall  contain  the  aymboi  ■-^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaltra  sur  la 
darnlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  la  symbole  — »-  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  y  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratioa.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ai-a  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  aa  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartas,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
fiimAa  A  des  taux  de  rAduction  diff Arents. 
Loraque  la  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reprodult  en  un  seul  clichA,  II  est  fllmA  A  partir 
de  i'angia  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaira.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
liiuatrant  la  mAthode. 


1  2  3 


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ahe  ©reat  2Iortl)ern  Houte. 

AMERICAN  LINES_ 


THE 


OSTARIO  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE 

STEAMBOAT   COMrAJJV'S 

m\)-m^  ^^^  TIUYELERS 


TO 


M 


^T.*T     AND     QUEBEC, 


ASD 


THROUGH  LAKE  CHAMPLAIN 

TO  SARATOGA  SPRINGS. 


lllU»tT«t  p^^^  original  SUetche,. 


BUFFALO: 

THOMAS   &    00-» 


1854. 


JEWEfT,  TIIOMAH  AND  «>.. 
Sternotyper*  anrt   Priiteio, 

miKKALU,  W.  V. 


i 


Fntered  according  to  Act  or  Congress,  in  the  year  l9Bii. 

Bv  J.  VAN  CLEVE. 

in  the  Cleric's  OITice  of  tho  District  Court  of  the  Uiiited  Stntr.s  Tor  the 
Northern  District  of  New  Yorlc. 


I' 


I 


LAKE  ONTARIO. 


©^IqHo  n^S  §1.  |li^h3i*CK)ce 


Steamboat  (lompanp. 


r  the 


TRUSTEES. 

E.  B.  ALLEN,  Peesident Ogdensbubgii,  N.  Y 

H.  VAN  RENSSELAER Ogdknsbuhgh,  N.  Y 

O.  N.  SEYMOUR Oqdensbuegh,  N.  Y 

A.  CHAPMAN MoRMSTOWN,  N.  Y 

E.  G.  MERRICK Clayton,  N.  Y. 

S.  BUCKLEY Watertown,  N.  Y. 

A.  MUNSON Utica,  N.Y. 

T.  S.  FAXTON ..Utioa,  N.  Y. 

HAMILTON  WHITE Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

LUTHER  WRIGHT Oswego.  N.Y. 

ASA  SPRAGUE RocursxER,  N.  Y. 

J.  C.  DANN Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

OKFICE   OF   THE    COMPANY,    AT   OSWEGO,    N.    Y. 

J.  VAN  CLEVE,  Thkasureb. 


10 


GREAT    KORTIIEKN    ROUTS. 


ieo4, 


NIAGAHA  FALLS  AND  MONTREAL. 


LAKE  ONTARIO. 


Ontario  and  St.  Lawrence  Steamboat  Company 


Will,  during  the  scaaon,  run  two  daily  lines, 


BETWEEN  LEWISTON  AND  MONTREAL. 


UNITED  STATES  MAIL  LINE, 
Composed  of  Uie  large  and  commodious  Lake  Steamers^ 

NORTHERNER Capt.  CHILD. 

ONTARIO ! Capt.  THROOP. 

CATARACT Capt.  ESTES. 

And  the  beautiful  River  Steamers, 

JENNY  LIND Capt.  L.  MOODY. 

BRITISH  EMPIRE Capt.  D.  S.  ALLEN. 

BRITISH  QUEEN Capt.  LAFLAMME. 


UHEAT  NORTH  URN  ROUTE. 


11 


One  of  these  liirgu  mid  superior  Luko  Stcainurs  leaves  Lcw« 
iston  every  day,  conin'cting  at  Oswego  witli  the  railroads  to 
Albany,  at  Ogdensbuigh  with  the  railroads  through  New 
England  to  Boston,  and  the  above  natnod  River  Steanicrs  to 
Montreal,  as  follows: 


SOWN  TIZE  LAKE. 

Leave  LcwLiton,  (Siiturdajs  except- 
ed),       3p.m. 

Leuvo  Rochester,  ........  10  r.  M. 

I.eavo  OBwcy:<>,  foiiiioctini; 
with  Pftfrt  fi»r  AUinny,.,    7  a.  m. 

Leave   t^nc-ketta   Harbor,..  10^  a.  m. 

I.eavo  Kingston, 1  p.  m. 

Leave  Ogdensburgh, 8  a.  m. 

and  arrive  iti  Montreal  iit    6  p.  M. 
poofling  the  Thousand  Is- 
lands anJ  nil  the  Rapids 
by   dayliglit,   connecting 
with  boat  for  Quebec,  rail- 
roads   for  Boston,  New 
Yorlc,   Wliiie  Mountains 
and  Portland. 


UP  THE  LAKE. 

Ia>uvo  Montreal,  (Sundays  except- 
ed,)        4  p.m. 

Leave  Ogdensburgh,  un  ar- 
rival of  cars  from  Boatoii,    7  p.  m. 

Leave  Kingston, 7  a.m. 

I.oavo  Saclietts  Harbor,  ..10^  a.  m. 

Leave  Oswego  on  arrival  of 
ciu'B  from  Albany, 4  »■.  .m. 

Leave  Rochester, Up  m. 

and  arrive  nt  Lcwistun  at    h  a.  m, 
in  time  for  boat  for  To- 
ronto cars  for  Hamfltoa, 
and   trains   for   Niagara 
Falls  and  Buffalo. 


N.  B. — Passengers  up  the  Lake,  by  this  line,  arrive  at  Is  iag- 
ara  Falls  and  Buffalo  in  time  for  breakfast  and  morning  boats 
lip  Lake  Erie— having  an  opportunity  to  see  the  Falls. 

Passengers  leaving  Buffalo  at  12  o'clock,  noon,  and  Niagara 
Falls  after  dinner,  can  take  this  line  and  reach  Albany,  via 
Oswego,  next  afternoon,  at  2  o'clock,  in  time  for  cars  and 
steamers  for  New  York,  making  the  trip  with  dispatch  and 
without  fatigue,  and  at  less  expense  than  by  any  other  route 

I* 


12 


GREAT   NOUTIIE'RN    ROUTE. 


•jT^g^i^^  r^ils  ^^  ^o^fi^e^I, 


LAKE   ONTARIO. 


/■ 


American  Express  Line, 

Composed  of  the  new,  large,  aud  beautiful  Lake  Steamers, 

NEW  YORE Capt.  R.  B.  CHAPMAN 

BAY  STATE Capt.  J.  H.  LEDYARD. 

And  the  beautiful  River  Steamers, 

JENNY  LIND Capt.  L.  MOODY . 

BRITISH  EMPIRE Capt.  D.  S.  ALLEN. 

BRITISH  QUE  EN Capt.  L AFL AMME. 

Expressly  adapted  to  the  navigaiion  of  the  Rapids. 

Will,  in  connection  with  the  railroads  between  Cape  Vin- 
cent and  Albany,  at  Ogdensburgh  with  the  railroads  through 
New  England  to  Boston,  and  the  River  Steamers  to  Montreal, 
form  a 

DAILY  LINE,  SUNDAYS  EXCEPTED,  BETWEEN 

LEWISTON,  TORONTO,  CAFE  VINCENT,  ALBANY,  OGDENS- 
BURGH, BOSTON,  MONTREAL,  WHITE  MOUNTAINS, 
AND  PORTLAND, 

AS   voit.ovvs  : 


GREAT    NORTHERN    ROUTE. 


13 


DOWN  THE  LAKK 
Leave  Lewiston 3  p.  m. 

Leave  Cape  Vincent. ...._. .4  a.  m. 

Leave  OgdensLurgh 8  a.  m. 

and  anive  in  Montreal 5  p.  M. 

passing  the  Thousand  Isl- 
ands and  all  the  Rapida  by 
daylight,  connecting  with 
boat  for  Quebec,  railroads 
for  Boston,  New  York, 
White  Mountains  and  Port- 
land. 


UP  THE  LAKE. 
Leave  Montreal 4  p.  u. 

Leave  Ogdensburgli  on  arri- 
val of  cars  from  Boston,. .2  p.  M. 

Leave  Cape  Vincent  on  arri- 
val of  cars  from  Albany,.. 6  p.  M. 
and  arrive  at  Lewitton  at  7  A,  M. 
iu  time  for  Ciirs  for  Hamil- 
ton, trains  for  Falls  and 
Buffalo,  and  boat  for  To- 
ronto. 


D. 


J. 


rs- 


N".  B. — Passengers  wishing  more  variety,  in  going  East  from 
Niagara  Falls,  than  is  atTorded  by  railroads,  and  not  having 
time  to  go  by  way  of  Montreal,  will  find  the  route  by  the 
American  Express  Line  and  railroads  betAveen  Cape  Vincent 
and  Albany,  agreeable  and  expeditious,  leaving  Niagara  Falls 
at  2  P.  M..  and  reaching  Albany  next  afternoon  in  time  for 
cars  and  steamers  for  New  York. 

Both  the  United  States  Mail  and  American  Express  Lines 
connect  at  Ogdensburgli  with  the  river  steamers  down  the 
Kapids  to  Montreal,  and  cars  for  Boston,  over  the  Ogdens- 
burgh  railroad  to  Rouse's  Point ;  from  thence,  by  either  the 
Vermont  Central  or  the  Rutland  and  Burlington  Railroads, 
through  the  vallios  of  the  Green  Mountains.  Those  for  Sara- 
toga, from  Ogdensburgli  by  railroad,  or  from  Montreal  by 
railroad,  take  steamer  at  Rouse's  Point  for  "Whitehall ;  from 
thence  by  railroad  —  or,  those  wishing  to  make  the  delightful 
trip  through  Lake  George,  leave  the  Champlain  boat  at  Fort 
Ticonderoga. 


14 


GREAT   NORTHERN    ROUTE. 


OFFICES 

OF   THE 


(9i]f^Ho  ^i]3  §f.  |l^h3l*eK)ce 


STEAMBOAT  COMPANY. 


BUFFAIjO Opposite  N.  Falls  R.  R.  Dkpot. 

NIAGARA  FALLS Cataract  Hotel  Block. 

NIAGARA  FALLS Ikternatioxal  Hotel  Block. 

ROCHESTER Eagle  Hotel  Block. 

OSWEGO PuiNciPAL  Office. 

OGDENSBURGH Rail  Road  Depot. 

MONTREAL 24  McGill  Street. 


thk 


JiprlOera  31aifrottb, 

OFFICE  IN  CATARACT  HOTEL  DLOCK,  NIAGARA  FALLS. 


GREAT    NORTHERN   ROUTE. 


15 


(D^WK®®  AMID  WmA^TO® 


IE?  ATTi 


SUMMER  ARRANGEMENT— 1854. 


Trains  will  leave  Syracuse, 

At  6.10  A.  M.  from  New  York,  Express  to  Boat  for  Ogdens- 

burgh. 
At  1.45  p.  M.  from  Albany,  Expresses  to  Boat  for  Lewiston,  Ac 
At  5.30  p.  M.  from  Mail  and  New  York  Express. 

Trains  will  leave  Oswego, 

At   6.10  A.  M.  from  Boat  to  morning  train  from  Syracuse. 
At  10       A.  M.  to  connect  witlx  New  York  Express. 
At    5.30  p.  M.  to  connect  with  Mail  and  Night  Express. 


These,  also,  connect  with  trains  from  Syracuse  west  Bag- 
gage can  be  checked  from  New  York,  Albany,  and  all  princi- 
pal stations,  to  and  from  Oswego. 

Tickets  can  also  be  purchased  to  and  from  the  same  pomta 


16 


GREAT    NORTHERN    ROUTE. 


1 


1{oi(i[)e,  ^^ieirioto^  k  Q^pc>  ^Ik^cM 


1 


This  road  has  Rome,  (fourteen  miles  west  of  Utica,) 
for  its  southern,  and  Cape  Vincent,  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence, sixty  miles  above  Ogdensburgh,  for  its  northern 
terminus.  Length,  ninety-seven  miles — eighteen  inter- 
mediate stations. 

Summer  Arrangement  for  1854,  as  follows: 


Passengers  leaving  New  York  by  the  evening  trains 
will  reach  Rome  in  time  for  the  Morning  Mfiil  Train  for 
Cape  Vincent. 

Passengers  leaving  New  York  by  evening  boats 
will  reach  Rome  for  the  Noon  Express  Train  for  Cape 
Vincent 

Passengers  leaving  New  York  by  the  first  morning 
train  will  reach  Rome  in  time  for  the  Eveniiio-  Local 
Train  for  Cape  Vincent. 


}\ 


GREAT  NORTHEUN  ROUTE. 


17 


Passengers  from  Niagara  Falls,  Hamilton,  and  To- 
ronto, by  taking  the  Morning  Mail  Train  from  Cape 
Vincent,  will  arrive  in  New  York  or  Boston  early  the 


same  evenmo*. 


Passengers  from  Kingston,  Bay  of  Quinte,  and 
Ogdensburgh,  by  taking  the  Noon  Express  Train  at 
Cape  Vincent,  will  reach  Albany  in  time  for  the 
evening  boats  for  New  York. 

Passengers  can  leave  Ogdensburgh  by  the  Ameri- 
can Express  Line,  at  2  p.  m.,  and  reach  Cape  Vincent 
in  time  for  the  evening  local  train  going  east.  Or  can 
leave  at  7  p.  m.,  by  the  U.  S.  Mail  Line,  and  reach 
Cape  Vincent  in  time  for  the  morning  train  for  Albany 
and  New  York.  Steamers  will  ply  between  Cape 
Vincent  and  Kingston  alternately,  three  times  each 
day,  Sundays  excepted. 

Steamers  from  Montreal  and  Lewiston  will  touch  at 
Gape  Vincent  twice  each  day,  affording  the  most 
agreeable  and  expeditious  means  of  transit  to  Niag- 
ara Falls,  Toronto,  Hamilton,  Brockville,  Prescott, 
Ogdensburgh,  and  other  prominent  ports  on  lake 
Ontario  and  river  St.  Lawrence. 

Also,  steamers  ply  constantly  between  the  Cape 
and  Belleville,  and  other  port  towns  on  the  Bay  of 
Quinte. 


18 


GREAT    NORTHERN    ROUTE. 


Kr®m^IE[®mK[  IEAItILm(DAIID 


After  Thursday,  April  1, 1854>  Trains  will  Run  as  follows. 

GOING   EAST. 

Mail  Train  leaves  Ogdensburgli 8    a.m. 

Arrives  at  Rouse's  Point 12|  r.  m. 

Express  Train  leaves  Ogdensbiirgh 2   p.  m. 

Arrives  at  Rouse's  Point GJ  p.  m 

GOIN'O    WEST. 

Mail  Train  leaves  Rouse's  Point 8    a.  m. 

Arrives  at  Ogdenshurgli 12..')0  p.  m. 

Express  Train  leaves  Rouse's  Point 2    p.  m. 

Arrives  at  Ogdensburgli 6.55  p.  m 


Mail  Train  Down  connects,  at  Rouse's  Point,  with 
the  Mail  Train  of  tlie  Vermont  Central  Raih'oad,  foi 
Boston ;  and  for  !N'ow  York,  via  Connecticut  Valley 
railroads.  Also,  with  the  Rutland  and  Burlington 
Railroad,  at  Burlinoton,  for  Troy,  Albany,  and  New 
York — via  Hudson  River  and  Harlaem  railroads.  Con- 
nects, also,  with  the  Passumpsic  River  Railroad,  and  the 
Champlain  and  St.  Lawrence  Railroad,  for  Montreal. 

Express  Train  Down  connects  as  above.  Connects 
with  Boston  and  New  York,  by  the  Lake  Ontaric 
Steamboats,  via  Burlington  and  Whitehall.  Sfeam- 
boats  will  leave  the  Railroad  Wharf  on  the  arrival  of 
the  Express  Train  at  Rrnis^'s  Point,  at  7  o'clock,  p.  m 


GREAT    NORTHERN    ROUTE. 


10 


Mail  Train  Up,  connects  with  the  Lake  Ontario 
Express  Line  of  Steamboats,  which  leave  Ogdens- 
burgh  at  2  o'clock  p.  m.,  and  arrive  at  Niagara  Falls 
at  8  o'clock  the  following  morning.  Also,  with  lines 
of  steamers  which  touch  at  all  the  ports  on  the  British 
shore  of  Lake  Ontario. 

By  this  route,  passengers  leaving  Montreal  in  the 
morning  train,  will  be  placed  on  board  the  Lake  On- 
tario steamboats,  at  the  Railroad  Wharf  at  Ogdens- 
burgh,  at  1  o'clock  p.  m.,  and  arrive  at  Brockville  and 
Kingston  same  afternoon,  and  at  Toronto  and  Hamil- 
ton the  next  day. 

Express  Train  Up,  connects  with  the  nio-ht  boats  on 
Lake  Ontario,  which  coast  the  Lake,  and  stop  at  all 
the  ports  on  the  American  side  of  the  Lake,  landing 
passengers  at  Lewiston,  for  Niagara  Falls  and  Buffalo. 

Express  Freight  Train  Up,  for  Express  train  for 
Boston  and  New  York,  to  Canada  and  the  West,  xin 
Ogdensburgh  Railroad  Line,  leaves  Rouse's  Point  at 
6  p.  M.,  and  runs  through,  without  stopping  at  way- 
stations,  and  arrives  at  Ogdensburgh  at  10  minutes 
past  4  o'clock,  next  morning. 

Express  Frcight  Train  Down,  leaves  Ogdens- 
burgh for  Boston  and  New  York,  at  5.45  p.  m.,  and 
arrives  at  Rouse's  Point  at  4  o'clock  next  morning. 
This  Express  Freight  Line  connects  with  Express 
Lines  to  Boston,  via  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  and 
by  steamboat  to  Burlington,  and  thence,  via  Rutland 
and   Burlington  Railroad.      Also,  by  steamboats  and 


20 


ORBAT    NORTHERN    ROUTE. 


railroads  for  New  York,  via  Whitelmll,  Troy,  and  the 
Hudson  River. 

This  well-appointed  railway  commences  at  Ogdens- 
burgh,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  river,  at  the  foot  of  lake 
navigation,  and  extends  one  hundred  and  eighteen 
miles,  to  Rouse's  Point,  at  the  foot  of  the  navigation 
of  Lake  Champlain. 

At  this  point,  the  lake  is  crossed  by  the  celebrated 
bridge  from  Rouse's  Point  to  Alberg  Island.  This 
structure  is  about  three  thousand  feet  in  length,  and 
is  remarkable  for  the  peculiarity  of  the  swing  bridge, 
near  the  center,  by  means  of  which,  the  passage  of 
vessels  is  allowed.  The  Depot  at  this  point,  is  one  of 
the  most  commodious  and  extensive  in  this  state. 

Fort  Crawford,  at  the  boundary  line  between  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  is  also  situated  just  below 
the  bridge.  It  is  nearly  completed,  and,  when  fin- 
ished, will  doubtless  present  one  of  the  strongest  for- 
tifications in  the  country. 

Lines  of  railways  and  steamboats  from  Boston, 
New  York,  and  Montreal,  connect  at  the  terminus  of 
the  Ogdensburgh  Railroad,  at  Rouse's  Point. 

The  White  Mountains  are  now  easily  reached  by  the 
Vermont  Central,  and  Passumpsic  railways.  Stages 
are  always  in  attendance  to  convey  passengers  from 
the  station  on  the  Passumpsic,  to  Faybyan's  White 
Mountain  House. 


QHEAT     NORTHJilKM    UOUTS. 


21 


jjili}i§  to  Iir[tbc(ei*g. 


A  few  hints  to  travelers  are  not  deemed  inappro- 
priate. 

For  the  purpose  of  saving  much  trouble,  and  many 
inconveniences,  from  complying  with  the  different 
regulations  of  the  various  lines  of  conveyances,  with 
regard  to  baggage,  we  recommend  travelers,  and  par- 
ticularly those  for  pleasure,  to  take  with  them  trunks 
of  convenient  size  to  withstand  the  rough  handling  to 
which  they  are  subjected. 

On  all  the  principal  lines  of  conveyances,  baggage 
is  usually  checked  to  any  point  desired,  which  relieves 
the  owner  from  much  anxiety. 

Baggage,  while  under  check,  is  out  of  the  reach  of 
the  owner,  particularly  on  railroads,  hence  the  impor- 
tance, for  comfort,  to  have  some  small  traveling  bag, 
or  satchel — which  travelers  can  take  with  them  at  ail 
times,  in  staterooms  and  other  places — containing  Jirti- 
cles  of  clothing,  <fec.  for  daily  use.    The  difficulty  of 


(i  n  K  A  T    N  O  U  T  II  K  It  N    J{  O  I   T  K. 


U'uttino'  at  baii'ii'aiic,  wlicii  in  cars  or  baijo-ane  rooms, 
for  the  purpose  of  taking-  out  such  .'irticlcs  as  may  be 
needed  every  night,  is  attended  witli  much  trouble, 
and  at  times  not  practicable. 

Every  tme  should  decide,  before  arriving  at  their 
stopping  place,  the  hotel  at  which  they  intend  to  stoj), 
and  not  wait  until  their  arrival.  The  noise  and  solici- 
tutions  of  the  as>ents  of  the  various  lines  of  convev- 
Huces,  and  different  public  houses,  at  the  railroad 
depots  and  steamboat  landings,  arc  apt  to  discompose 
even  those  accustomed  to  it,  and  the  inexperienced 
traveler  is  liable  to  be  misled. 

It  is  very  easy  to  obtain  the  names  of  the  public 

houses  from  directories  and  papers,  or  from  friends 

who  have  been  over  the  route  —  thus  avoiding  much 

annoyance,  and  increasing  the  pleasure  of  traveling. 

The  comforts  of  home  cannot  be  expected  at  all  times 

when  traveling;  I  would  therefore  advise  my  traveling 

fri(inds,  to   leave  home  with   a   determination   to  be 

pleased,  and  submit  to  the  many  trifling  annoyances 

which  necessarily  attend  nearly  all  modes  of  transit. 

A.  cheerful  disposition  begets  a  corresponding  spirit  m 

all  whom  it  may  come  in  contact  with ;  and  the  proof 

of  this  will  universally  be  found,  whether  it  comes  in 

contact  with  stejunboat  captains,  stewards,  conductors, 

or  ordinary  passengers. 


HAND-BOOK  FOR  TRAVELERS. 


\ 


ifqi)0-Sool(  foi*  Ii^i)bclci%s 


TO 


l^ingiirn  /iiKs,  Miiiitrenl,  (^mhn, 


Inkr  (Tlinmiilahi;  f  nrntnp,  ^Cr. 


.^ 
4 


:^^ 


rPHE  route  from  Niaoaha  Falls  to  Montreai. 
X  and  Quebec,  by  way  of  Lakf:  Ontario  and  the 
River  St.  Lawrence,  has  now  become  one  of  the 
favorite  summer  excursions,  so  indulged  in  by  all 
classes  of  the  American  people  that  their  Cana- 
dian ueio'libors  have  named  them  the  "  travelini' 
nation." 

In  the  "Guide  Boolis"  of  the  dav,  this  route 
receives  a  casual  mcmtion,  like  hundreds  of  others; 
but  the  peculiar  merits  of  it  liave  not  been  pointed 

out  and  enlarged  upon. 

2 


20 


AMERICAN     S  T  E  A  M  E  K  d. 


In  the  first  place,  tliere  ai-c  no  steamers  in  the 
world  that  rank  liiojier  than  those  beloniiino-  to  the 


and  comprising  the  two  American  Lines — the 
running  on  the  American  side  of  Lnke  Ontario,  and  the 


■I 


running  on  the  Canadian  side.  These  boats  are 
constructed  in  the  most  substantial  manner;  the 
utmost  pains  are  taken  in  the  manufacture  of  their 
engines,  and,  though  "last,  not  least,"  the  selection 
of  the  olficers  in  command,  the  engineers,  and  all 
concerned  in  their  navigation,  is  made  with  the 
strictest  reference  to  their  fitness  and  qualifications  for 
the  stations  they  are  to  hold.  As  a  proof  of  the  care 
and  skill  with  which  the  American  steamers  have 
always  been  conducted  on  these  waters,  it  can  be  said 
of  them,  what  perhaps  can  not  be  said  of  any  other 
line  of  steamers  or  railroad  in  the  world,  of  equal 
extent  —  that  there  has  never  occurred  an  accident  by 
which  loR)^  of  life  was  occasioned. 


TRACES     OF    r  1  O  N  E  E  R  3. 


27 


i  said 

other 

equal 

lent  by 


In  the  second  place,  no  route  in  the  United  States 
is  more  replete  with  natural  interest,  or  more  abund- 
ant in  thrilling-  historical  associations.  The  settlement 
of  many  of  the  towns  on  this  route,  date  back  to  the 
time  of  the  occupation  of  the  country  by  the  French. 
This  was,  also,  a  favorite  "hunting-  ground"  of  the 
Indians;  and  many  were  the  battles  fought  before 
they  would  give  up  possession  of  the  pleasant  coun- 
try of  the  Niagara  and  St.  Lawrence. 

Here  may  be  traced  records  of  the  labors  of  the 
Jesuits,  those  pioneers  of  civilization  —  persevering 
men,  who,  undaunted  by  privations  and  difficulties, 
endeavored  to  spread  their  religion  among  the  differ- 
ent Indian  tribes.  The  long  contest  between  England 
and  France,  finally  terminating  in  the  conquest  of 
Canada,  and  the  total  destruction  of  French  sove- 
reignty on  this  continent,  furnished  many  a  battle- 
field on  this  frontier,  and  caused  it  to  be  again  and 
ajrain  deluo-ed  with  blood.  The  constant  struo-ole 
between  these  parties,  the  attempts  of  each  to  enlist 
the  sympathies  and  assistance  of  their  Indian  neigh- 
bors, and  the  cruelties  enacted  by  them,  would  fur- 
nish matter  for  manv  a  talo.  Volumes  mioht  be  filled 
with  these  legends  and  traditionary  stories. 

It  has  been  thought  advisable  to  compile  a  small 
"Guide"  for  this  route  oxdusivelv,  in  order  to  give 


k 


0>T 


(..  r  I  I)  i-;   b'o  It  '1'  !i  i;   li  o  v  t  k. 


travelers  a  short  sketcii  of  tlio  most  interesting  points. 
Tlie  dates  liiive  been  etbliiined  from  the  most  reliable 
sources,  many  of  them  being  tal'ien  from  copies  of 
the  original  documents.  It  is  lioped  this  unpretend- 
ing volume  mny  serve  to  amuse  those  passing  over 
the  route,  as  well  as  to  induce  others  to  take  the  trip. 


•  ¥■■ 


CITY     OF     BUFFALO. 


29 


BUFFALO. 


This  is  the  place  from  which  the  "  Northern  Tour  " 
commences. 

Buffalo  was  first  settled  in  1796;  in  1798  it  con- 
tained eight  houses.  Except  being  the  place  where 
Indian  councils  were  frequently  held,  nothing  of 
interest  occurred  here  till  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war  between  this  country  and  Great  Britain. 

On  the  30th  of  Dec.  1812,  Buffalo  and  Black 
Bock,  botli  of  them  flourishing  villao-es,  were  burned 
by  the  British  and  Indian*.  In  Buffiilo  but  two 
buildings,  a  dwelling  liouse  and  blacksmith  shop,  were 
Buffered  to  stand. 


! 


l» 


30 


RUINS     OF     FOUT     ERIE. 


Ill  1822-23  the  "  Supeuiok  "  was  built,  and  was 
tbe  first  steamboat  that  ever  passed  out  of  BuflFalo 
Creek. 

The  first  American  vessel  on  Lake  Erie  was  built 
iQ  1797,  near  Erie,  Pa.,  and  was  called  the  "Wasei- 
iNGTON."  She  navigated  this  Lake  but  one  season, 
and  was  then  sold  to  a  Canadian,  who  took  her  Out 
of  the  water  at  Chippewa,  and  placed  lier  upon  truck 
wheels,  drawn  by  oxen,  and  in  this  way  conveyed 
her  over  the  Portage  to  Queenstown,  where  she  was 
again  launched.  She  sailed  for  Kingston,  but  was 
never  heard  of  after  leaving  the  Niagara  River. 

Buffalo  is  now  a  city  of  about  50,000  inhabitants, 
and  is  truly  the  "  Queen  City  of  the  Lakes." 


•  te*' 


n  U  I  N  S    OF     K  0  R  T    i;  U  I  K  . 


Almost  opposite  Buffalo,  on  the  Canadian  shore, 
can  be  seen  the  ruins  of  Fort  Erie.  This  Fort  was 
taken  on  the  27th  of  May  1813,  by  the  Americans 
under  Gen.  Preston,  afterward  governor  of  Virginia, 
tlien  in  command  of  Black  Rock. 


BLACK     ROCK. 


31 


I 


The  English  oblaincd  possession  of  it,  and  it  was 
again  captured  by  the  Americans  on  the  3d  July 
1814.  A  short  time  afterward  it  was  besieged  by  the 
English,  under  Lieut.  General  Drummond.  After 
a  siege  of  fifty  days,  General  Brown  determined  to 
make  a  sortie;  this  was  accordingly  done  on  the 
l7th  September.  So  great  was  the  British  loss,  that 
the  siege  was  abandoned,  and  General  Dbummond 
broke  up  his  camp,  and  retired  to  Chippewa. 

There  is  a  railroad  from  Buffalo  to  Niagara  Falls, 
a  distance  of  twenty-two  miles — which  is  usually  run 
in  an  liour — passing  a  large  portion  of  the  way  upon 
the  bank  of  the  Niagara  River.  Just  after  leaving 
Buffab,  a  military  work  is  passed  upon  the  banks  of 
the  river  Niagara,  belonging  to  the  United  States,  and 
called  Fort  Porter,  in  honor  of  the  late  General 
Petkr  B.  Porter. 

Black  Rock  is  a  small  village  situated  upon  the 
rivf  r,  and  possessing  a  good  harbor.  The  first  steam- 
boat that  navigated  lake  Erie,  called  "  Walk  in  the 
Water,"  was  built  at  this  place,  in  18 IS. 


mi 


I 


32 


UUU  NT     SHIP     BAV. 


The  cars  make  a  short  sU)p  at  the  village  of 
ToNAWANDA,  hituatcd  at  the  junction  of  a  small  stream 
of  the  same  name,  with  the  jSiaiiara.  The  railroad 
crosses  this  stream,  and  also  the  Ejie  canal. 

Opjjosite  Tonawandais  Grand  Island,  about  twelve 
miles  long".  There  is  a  sm^dl  bay  at  the  foot  of  it 
called  "  ]>URNT  Ship  Bay,"  deriving-  its  name  from 
the  followinix  incident: 

After  the  capture  of  Quebec,  and  the  consequent 
cession  of  this  country  to  the  English,  the  French 
at  Schlosser  determining  that  their  vessels  should 
not  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  put  into  this 
bay,  and  sot  lire  to  them.  Within  the  last  fcAV 
years  persons  have  succeeded  in  bringing  up  from 
the  remains  of  these  vessels,  cannon-shot,  pieces  of 
iron,  etc. 

Between  Tonawanda  and  the  Falls,  the  railroad 
crosses  a  small  stream  called  Cayuga  Creek.  It  was 
near  this  tliat,  in  10V9,  La  Salle  built  the  "Griffin," 
the  vessel  which,  one  hundred  and  seventy-thre-e 
years  ago,  first  sailed  upon  the  western  Lakes.  La 
Salle  and  Father  Hennepi.v  embarked  in  her,  and 
set  sail  upon  a  voyage  of  discovery ;  they,  however, 
left  her  at  Mackinac,  and  the  Griffin  proceeded  on 
her  voyage,  reached  Green  Bay,  took  in  a  cargo 
of  rich  furs,  started  on  her  return,  and  was  never 
iieard  of  after. 


BATTLE     NEAR    CHIPPEWA. 


33* 


belli.  OS  si;  H. 


La 


on 


•o'ri 


At  SciiLossKK,  two  iniles  above  the  Falls,  was  an 
old  French  fort;  this  passed  into  the  hands  of  the 
English,  and  an  old  chimney  is  still  standing  which 
belonjred  to  their  mess-house. 

Chippewa,  a  small  Canadian  village  is  directly 
opposite  this  place.  Just  above  the  village  are  the 
Plains  of  Chippewa.  This  was  the  battle  giound  on 
the  6th  of  July,  1814,  of  the  Americans  under  General 
Brown,  and  the  English  commanded  by  Geneia]  Eial. 
At  this  place  two  small  streams  empty  into  the 
Niagara;  the  upper  one  is  called  Street's,  and  the 
lower  and  larger  Chippewa  Creek.  The  English 
v/ere  posted  behind  and  below  the  Chippewa;  the 
Americans  occupied  a  position  near  Street's  Creek; 
both  streams  were  crossed  by  bridges.  About  no(jn 
a  party  of  British,  militia  and  Indians,  began  to 
annoy    the    Americao    picquets.    soon    after    which 


hi 


II 


I    ;i 


34 


BATTLE     OF     CHIPPEWA. 


General  Porter,  with  a  force  of  volunteers,  militia, 
and  friendly  Indians  of  the  "Six  Nations,"  attacked 
them.  They  at  tirst  gave  way;  but  hearing  that 
General  Rial  was  advancing  with  a  large  force,  they 
rallied,  and  again  attacked  the  Americans.  This 
was  about  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  "  General 
Scott  was  ordered  to  their  assistance,  and  was  soon 
engaged  in  conflict  with  a  superior  force.  At  this 
moment  General  Porter's  command  had  given  way, 
and  fled  in  every  direction,  notwithstanding  his  per- 
sonal gallantry  and  great  exertions  to  stay  their  flight" 
**  The  retreat  of  the  volunteers  caused  the  left  flank 
of  General  Scott's  brigade  to  be  very  much  exposed. 
Major  Jessup  ordered  his  battalion  *  to  support  arms 
and  advance,'  and  so  galling  a  discharge  was  poured 
upon  the  enemy  as  to  cause  them  to  retire."  *  The 
enemy  retreated  across  the  Chippewa,  hotly  pursued 
by  General  Scott,  till  within  half-musket  shot  of 
the  bridge.  The  lateness  of  the  hour  then  induced 
General  Brown  to  order  his  forces  to  retire  to  camp. 
Just  below  this  point,  commence  the  Rapids  of 
the  Niagara;  the  descent  of  the  river  being  fifty 
feet  before  it  reaclu  s  the  brink  of  the  great  fall. 
Visitors  sometimes  express  surprise  at  the  short  dis- 
tance the  Falls  can  be  heard ;  this  depends  altogether 


Prnwn's  Official  nir.pntcVi.  Nilps  Gth. 


I- 


i, 


A  R  K  I  V  A  L     AT    THE     FALLS. 


nfl 


upon  the  stato  of  the  atmosphere.  During  line,  di}' 
weather  they  arc  heard  but  a  short  distance;  bui 
just  before  a  storm  they  can  be  heard  from  sixteen 
to  eighteen  miles.  It  has  passed  into  a  common 
saying  in  the  surrounding  country,  "  We  arc  going 
to  have  a  storm,  the  P'alls  roar  so  loudlv." 

We  are  now  arrived  at  the  village  of  the  Falls, 
and  after  locating  ourselves  in  some  one  of  the  many 
comfortable  hotels  with  which  this  place  abounds, 
we  prepare  for  a  visit  to  the 


FALLS    OK    MAtiARi 


^ 


;uj 


K  I  AG  AH  A     FALLS. 


FALLS   OF   NIAGARA. 

There  is  a  degree  of  excitement  attending  a  first 
visit  to  Niagara,  that  perliaps  is  unequaled  by  the 
riuticipation  of  any  other  sight.  To  feel  that  you  are 
^vithin  a  fesv  paces  of  this  world-wide  wonder,  seems 
to  inspire  the  dullest  almost  to  enthusiasm,  and  this 
ft^eling  is  not  lessened  by  the  first  sight  of  the  Rapids, 
in  crossino-  the  bridiie  connectino-  the  main  land  to 
the  Islands. 

The  Rapids  are  far  from  beinq;  the  most  uninte- 
resting  feature  of  Niagara.  Many,  however,  do  not 
appreciate  them  at  first  sight;  they  are  so  desirous 
of  seeing  the  greater  wonder,  that  they  bestow  but  a 
l)assing  glance  upon  them.  To  those  who  pause, 
and  contemplate,  there  is  about  them  something  ex- 
ceedingly beautiful  and  sublime.  You  feel  yourself 
regarding  them  in  their  mad  whirls  and  plunges 
rushing  on  to  the  awful  brink,  as  something  almost 
human,  and  seem  to  have  a  feeling  of  pity  for  the 
fate  that  aAvaits  them. 

Arriving  upon  "Bath  Island,"  visitors  are  requested 
to  enter  their  names  in  a  book,  kept  for  that  purpose, 
and  pay  a  small  fpe,  which  gives  them  the  privilege 


■WW 


k 


,1 

i      ' 


GOAT     ISLAND. 


41 


a 

E 

mm 

u 

K 

a 

a 

SB 


o 

i 


of  crossing'  the  biidge  at  their  pleasure  during  the 
year.  A  short  bridge  leads  to  Goat  Island,  and 
the  first  visit  is  generally  made  to  the  American  Fall. 

Goat  Island  has,  by  the  good  taste  of  the  owner, 
been  left  in  a  state  of  nature,  exeept  so  far  as  clearing 
out  the  underbrush,  and  making  paths  convenient 
for  visitors ;  and  the  appi-oach  to  the  Fall  is  through 
the  primitive  forest,  whose  overhanging  brandies 
almost  entirely  exclude  the  sunshine,  and  this  sub- 
dued light  adds  another  charm  to  the  scene.  There 
is  a  path  leading  to  the  very  brink  of  the  fall,  and 
one  involuntarily  clasps  tightly  the  shrubs  and  trees 
upon  the  bank,  while  endeavoring  to  catch  a  glimpse 
of  the  abyss.  Should  the  day  be  one  of  sunshine, 
the  rainbow  below  the  Fall  is  well  worth  travelino- 
scores  of  miles  to  behold.  Looling  doivn  upon  a 
rainbow  is  certainly  something  different  from  every 
day  experience. 

Connected  with  Goat  Island,  by  a  rustic  bridge,  is 
Luna  Island;  and  it  was  here  that,  three  years 
since,  a  most  tragical  occurrence  took  place.  A 
young  man  playfully  approached  a  little  girl,  who 
was  standing  upon  the  extreme  verge  of  the  island, 
without  her  perceiving  him,  and  upon  his  addressing 
her,  became  so  frightened  that  her  foot  slipped,  and 
she  was  precipitated  into  the  current  He  plunged 
in  after  her,  and  succeeded  in  catching  hold  of  he) 


I  < 


42 


IIOnSE-SIlOK     FALL. 


clothes,  and  endeavored  to  stay  their  headlong  course  by 
seizing  a  small  shrub  upon  the  bank,  but  the  treach- 
erous earth  gave  Avay,  and  the  next  instant  they  were 
carried  over  the  fall.  Their  bodies  were  found ;  that 
of  the  little  girl,  on  the  rocks  just  below  the  place 
where  they  fell,  but  that  of  the  young  man  had  drifted 
down  nearly  to  the  upper  Suspension  Bridge. 

We  now  resume  our  way  to  the  Horse-Shoe  Fall. 
This  fall,  viewed  as  a  single  object,  is  unquestionably 
one  of  the  most  sublime  things  in  nature.  It  is 
impossible,  by  description,  or  by  penciling,  to  convey 
an  idea  to  the  reader  of  the  effect  produced  upon 
the  beholder.  One  of  the  thinos  about  Niao-ara  that 
makes  a  strong  impression  upon  the  spectator  is  the 
motion,  and  this  of  course  is  entirely  lost  in  a  drawing. 
This,  no  doubt,  is  the  reason  why  the  pictures  of 
Niagara  fall  so  far  short  of  the  reality.  There  is  a 
peculiarity,  too,  in  the  color  of  the  water,  which  is  of 
the  brightest  green,  and  the  upheaving  of  the  snow- 
white  foam  contrasting  so  vividly  with  the  emerald 
hue,  needs  to  be  seen  to  be  appreciated. 

There  is  a  small  tower  built  upon  a  ledge  of  rocks, 
upon  the  brink  of  this  Fall;  it  is  forty-five  feet  in 
height,  with  winding  steps  to  the  top.  It  was  built 
in  1833,  and  is  connected  by  Terrapin  Bridge  with 
Goat  Island.  Within  the  past  winter  some  of  the 
rocks  near  the  tower,   and  between   the  tower  and 


IV,,  I-  ' 


VX«W  LOOKISO  DOWK  THE  BIVEB* 


f 


i  i 


• 


K  S  r  U  A  >  C  K  TO   T  II  K   '' .»  V  i:    or   T  II  IC    W  1  V  D  a . 


TABLK     HOCK. 


•47 


Island  have  fallen  away,  and  there  is  a  large  rock 
that  lias  not  rallen,  but  slipped  down  several  feet, 
where  it  remains. 

Ko  one  having  time,  should  omit  crossing  the  river; 
it  has  always  been  said,  that  nowhere  does  a  person 
realize  the  height  and  grandeur  of  the  Falls,  as  from 
the  ferry  boat ;  and  it  is  from  the  center  of  the  river 
that  they  are  viewed  as  a  whole,  and  the  eye  at  ono 
glance  is  enabled  to  rest  upon  them  in  their  undivided 
grandeur  and  sublimity. 

The  path  to  the  right,  near  the  Biddle  Stair-case, 
leads  to  a  magnificent  cave,  appropriately  named, 
when  it  was  first  discovered  many  years  since,  ^glus* 
Cave,  or  Cave  of  the  Wixds.  This  cave  is  about 
one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  across,  sixty  feet  wide, 
and  one  hundred  feet  high;  it  is  situated  directly 
behind  the  center  fall,  which,  at  the  bottom  is  more 
than  one  hundred  and  nine  feet  wide,  and  since  the 
rocks  have  been  excavated  and  steps  made,  visitors 
can  pass  into  the  cave,  and  entirely  behind  the  sheet 
of  water.  Beyond  this  cave,  at  the  foot  of  Luna 
Island,  there  is  an  open  space  where  persons  may 
amuse  themselves  at  leisure  upon  the  rocks  over 
which  the  floods  are  pouring,  and  then  venture  in  as 
far  as  they  please  behind  the  whole  American  fall. 
Visitors  can  very  often,  when  the  wind  blows  down 
iho    river,   pass   a   considoiaWe   distance   Ix'hind    lh«* 


^  '  \\\ 


48 


C  A  V  E      O  F     T  II  E      W  I  N  1)  r.  . 


sheet  of  water  within  the  cave,  without  o-ettino-  wet. 
The  view  presented  in  the  cave,  in  connection  with 
the  tremendous  and  astounding  roar  of  waters,  will 
enable  visitors  to  appreciate  the  following  beautiful 
and  graphic  lines  of  Buainard: 

Tlic  thoughts  are  strange  that  crowd  upon  my  brain, 
"While  I  look  upward  to  tlioe.     It  would  seem 
As  if  God  poured  thee  from  his  hollow  hand, 
And  hung  his  bow  upon  thy  awful  front, 
And  spoke  in  tliat  loud  voice  which  seemed  to  him 
Who  dwelt  in  Patraos  for  his  Saviour's  sake, 
*Thc  sound  of  many  waters;'  and  hath  badu 
Thy  sound  to  chronicle  the  ages  back, 
And  notch  His  cf^nturies  in  the  eternal  rock. 

Deep  calleth  unto  deep.     And  what  are  we, 
Tlsat  hear  the  question  of  the  voice  sublime  ? 
Oil  I  what  are  all  the  notes  that  ever  rung 
From  war's  vain  trumpet,  by  thy  thundering  side  ? 
Tea,  what  is  all  the  riot  man  can  make 
In  his  short  life,  to  thy  uncea&ing  roar  ? 
And  yet,  bold  babbler,  what  art  thou  to  Him 
Who  drowned  a  world,  and  heaped  the  waters  f;ir 
Above  its  loftiest  mountains  ?  —  a  light  wave, 
That  breaks  and  whispers  of  its  Maker's  might 

A  very  pleasant  wny  of  accomplishing  a  larsfe 
ijnount  of  sight-seeing  in  two  or  three  hours  is,  after 
returning  from  the  island  to  take  one  of  the  many 


ri 


TABLE     ROCK. 


49 


It. 
Ith 

ill 
ful 


ciiniages  there  in  waiting,  drive  down  on  tlie  Amer- 
ican bide,  visiting  the  Devil's  Hole,  cross  the  great 
JSuai'ENsioN  Bridge  at  Lcwiston,  and  return  on  the 
Canada  side,  visiting  Brock's  Monument  on  Queens- 
ton  Heights,  battle-iield  at  Lundv's  Lane,  and  the 
diiTerent  points  of  interest  about  the  Canadian  side 
at  the  Falls,  and  then  cross  the  river  b}'  tlie  Ferry. 
Those  who  do  not  desire  to  cross  in  the  boat,  can 
cross  on  the  upper  Suspension  Bridge. 

Table  Rock  is  about  a  hundred  rods  above  the 
landing.  In  the  spring  of  1850  a  large  portion  of  it 
broke  away,  and  lias  changed  the  appearance  of  it 
very  much.  The  time  of  its  falling  was  fortunately 
the  dinner  hour  of  the  hotels,  consequently,  but  one 
or  two  persons  were  on  the  rock  at  the  time,  and 
they  saw  the  danger  in  time  to  escape.  There  are 
portions  of  it  still  threatened  with  the  same  fate.  It 
v.as  upon  Table  Rock  that  these  beautiful  Unes  of 
Mrs.  Sigourney  were  written: 


re 
er 

•y 


Flow  on,  forever,  in  tliy  glorious  robe 
Uf  terror  and  of  beauty.     God  hath  sot 
His  rainbow  on  tliv  forehead,  and  the  cloud 
Mantles  around  thy  feet ;  and  he  doth  give 
Tliy  voice  of  thunder  power  to  s])eak  of  Hnu 
Eternally — biddini^  the  lip  of  man 
Keep  silence,  and  upon  thy  rocky  altar  ]iour 
Incense  of  swe^'t  pniise. 


I 


GO 


LUM>\iJ    LANB. 


LUNDY'S    LANE. 

One  mile  and  a  half  from  the  Falls  is  the  battle- 
ground of  Lundy's  LaxVe.  The  battle  was  fought 
on  the  25th  of  July,  1814.  The  American  army, 
imder  command  of  Major- General  BiiowN,  had  taken 
a  position  at  Chippewa.  About  noon,  on  that  day, 
he  received  information  that  the  British  were  landing 
at  Lewiston,  preparatory  to  marching  to  Schlosser, 
and  capturing  a  quantity  of  baggage  and  stores  there 
deposited.  To  draw  the  British  from  this  move,  Gen- 
eral Brown  decided  to  put  his  troops  in  motion  toward 
Queenston.  General  Scott  with  the  "  1st  brigade 
Towson's  artillery,  and  all  the  dragoons  and  mount- 
ed men,"  were  put  in  march,  to  report  the  movements 
of  the  enemy.  When  General  Scott  reached  the 
Falls,  he  found  the  English  directly  in  his  front,  a 
narrow  strip  of  woods  only  intervening.  Supposing 
that  a  portion  of  the  British  had  crossed  the  Niagara, 
what  was  his  astonishment  to  find  that  the  informatioii 
received  by  General  Brown  was  incorrect,  and  that 
here,  was  a  large  force  d:  iwn  up  in  order  of  battle, 
R  toree  laro-ci  than   tb.at  thev  luiJ  encountered  a  few 


} 


e- 


THE     BATTLE. 


61 


days  bt'loru  on  lliu  i)lain.s  of  (Jlii})|)(;\va.  To  pause 
was  to  be  lost,  {ind  (jroncral  Scott's  decision  was  to 
advance  without  waitinu'  for  reinforcements;  and  for 
an  hour  these  troops  sustained  the  conflict,  before 
others  could  he.  brought  to  tlieir  relief.  The  battle 
commenced  at  the  close  of  a  warm  summer  day,  and 
continued  till  near  midnight.  The  enemy's  artillery 
occuj)ied  a  strong  position  on  an  eminence,  and  it  was 
found  necessary  to  capture  this  artillery,  and  seize 
the  heiglit.  General  Buown  said  to  Colonel  Millek, 
"Sir,  can  you  take  that  battery?"  "I  will  'try," 
was  the  reply,  a  phrase  now  become  identified  with 
the  memory  of  this  gallant  soldier.  It  was  at  this 
battle  that  the  original  of  Cooprr's  "  Spy "  was 
killed ;  a  fitting  death  scene  for  such  a  character. 

Keturnino-  aoain  to  the  American  side  of  the  Falls, 
carriages  are  in  wailing  to  convey  passengers  over  a 
plank  road  to  Lewiston,  where  tln^y  are  to  take  pass- 
age on  the  Lake  Ontario  SteanKTs.  This  road  runs 
along  the  great  goi-ge  supposed  to  have  been  worn 
by  the  Falls  of  Niagara  as  they  receded  toAvard  Lake 
Erie.  This  idea  is  by  no  means  witlunit  weight,  as 
there  are  persons  noAv  living  n(>ar  the  Falls,  wdio  can 
remember  when  thoy  presented  quite  a  different 
appearance  from  the  present,  caused  by  the  breaking 
off  of  the  rocks  from  the  pbrading  action  of  v^tei-, 
and  frost 


.11 

ft 


!| 


•t  iJ 


A2 


M  I  N  E  K  A  L     S  1'  K  I  N  G  . 


A  railroad  is  ntnv  about  bi  iiio-  built,  jMuining  through 
this  gorge,  iVoin  iht;  Fails  to  Lcwisiun,  and  will,  ulu-u 
compU'tod,  add  still  more  to  the  pleasure  of  the  trip. 

Two  miles  below  the  Falls,  the  riv(!r  is  crossed  by 
a  SusjK'iK-^iun  liridge.  This  was  built  u  lew  years 
since,  but  was  not  finished  in  tlie  style  at  hrst  designed, 
and  presents  a  slriking  contrast  to  the  large  bridge  at 
Lewiston. 


\ 


MINK  UAL    Sl'KINQ. 


Near  the  Suspension  Biiilgc  is  the  "Mineral 
Spring,"  welling  up  among  the  rocks,  into  a  stone 
basin.  The  water  is  strongly  impregnated  with  sul- 
phur, and  contains  also  lime  and  magnesia.  A  chaste 
little  temple  covers  this  famous  Spring. 

A  shoi't  distance  below,  we  come  to  the  Wjiirlpool. 
This  is  formed  by  the  river  making  a  bend  almost  at 
ri"ht  angles,  and  the  current  beino;  extremely  swift, 
it  forms  a  large  whirlpool.  Flights  of  steps  have  been 
placed  down   the  bank,  so  that  the  descent  can   be 


\ 


US 


at 


•niK     WlllRLFOOL. 


63 


niadt!   NNiili  p<'riV'< 


t  salVtv;    :uh1   altliou-h    somdwluit 


t    out;   is    fduipi'in-at*''!    I«»r    ll" 


falU^uiMg,   yt 

The  bunks  ol'  the  river  ai<!  so 

the  peculiar  ellect  of  the  uhirl  is  hjsU 


troiil 


He. 


lii"h,  tluii,  hum  ilie  t(»p 


VI  KW  Or    THE   WHIRLPOOL. 


I    II 


I 

:  -I 


54 


devil's   hole. 


DEVIL 'SHOLE 

Throe  miles  from  the  Falls,  wo  come  to  the  Devil's 
Hole.  It  Wcas  at  this  point,  on  the  14th  September, 
170.%  that  a  party  of  French  and  Indians  waylaid  a 
deii^c^ment  of  Enolish  on  their  return  from  Schlosser 
to  Fort  jSlagara,  then  in  possession  of  the.  English. 
A  small  stream  hei-c  crosses  the  road,  and,  from  the 
fact  of  its  v.aters  having  been  reddened  by  the  blood 
of  the  slaughtered,  it  was  called  "Bloody  Run," 
which  name  it  still  retains.  11ie  French  and  Indians 
had  laid  their  plans  so  well,  and  so  entirely  surrounded 
the  English,  that  only  two  remained  to  tell  the  tale. 


i 


» 


[\ 


* 


DLOODY     RUN. 


tjS 


One  of  these,  a  Mr.  Stedman,  residing  at  Sclilosser, 
was  on  horseback;  the  Indians  seized  the  bridle,  and 
attempted  to  lead  him  into  the  woods;  IStedman  drew 
a  knife,  cut  the  bridle  loose,  and,  being  mounted  upon 
a  powerful  animal,  and  spurring  it  to  its  utmost  speed, 
escaped  amid  a  shower  of  balls.  He  afterward  insti- 
tuted a  claim  to  the  possession  of  the  land  round 
which  he  rode  on  his  escape,  on  pretence  of  its  having 
been  a  gift  to  him  from  the  Indians ;  they  supposing 
him  to  be  endowed  with  some  supernatural  powers, 
from  his  escaping  from  them;  and  he  contested  the 
matter  at  law,  with  the  persons  who  had  purchased 
their  title  from  the  state,  but  the  question  was  decided 
ao-ainst  him. 

The  other  was  a  lad  of  the  name  of  Matthe'ws,  a 
drummer.  Seeing  death  at  the  hands  of  the  savages 
inevitable,  he  made  a  leap  from  the  bank,  and  his 
drum-strap  catching  in  a  tree,  he  was  saved  from 
instant  destruction.  Extricating  himself  from  the 
branches,  he  descended  to  the  water,  and  crept  silently 
under  cover  of  the  bank  to  Fort  Niagara.  He  after- 
ward resided  on  the  Canada  side  of  the  river,  below 
Queenston;  carried  on  the  business  of  chair-making, 
and  lived  to  relate  his  strange  escape  till  the  good  old 
age  of  ninety. 


ii 


:iJI 


''.      i 

;i  fij 


ii  i 


50 


L  E  W  I  S  T  O  N . 


,^  -M- "- .  -^V 

c 

Y- 

■■-.->- 

.  -^:.   ^i:^^^r:^^i,  Jf 

;^;r;-i;:£i| 

"-'"'f       -~         :        r    -"   "'"■_ 

■.  ~- 

i3€"-~-   =^--"r'~  .;"        - 

.■^-.^.-  "' -i-:-^^ 

^1-  ■  -::"  i  " 

■^ :::"■    :;^:      '  " 

||^-:;:;v; 

^'- 

::^ 

-A     -     ' 

^^"'     ■   '^-  ""-: 

■  — '- 

=-... 

-;  ■" 

4s^m 

?--;!^^^ 

-  =5*v-iiQf  ^^i^ 

''frlaiiifrii 

^ 

tit,-. 

.•it--.  .T.4-^- 

.>,.i'jW^-»f,0?;    -. 

V  ■  -^"J'- J*-'S| 

i.-^^S 

'  M 

-i^»w^^''.,^ 

ivSii"  /__    "'T'  '-■iS-B 

-'^^*---~..... 

-=  •  i0'^'&iii^l&^ 

y»    .               -^(    -'  — t 

- .'.  *- 

■'^.r^y 

"'li^^^H 

IW 

wfS^ 

L  E  W  I  S  T  0  N     LANDING, 


L  E  W  I  S  1^  0  X . 


Three  miles  below  the  Devil's  Hole,  is  the  vil- 
higc  of  Lewiston.  It  lies  upon  a  beautiful  tract 
of  country,  which  extends  south  from  the  mountain 
ridge  to  Lake  Ontario,  and  east  and  west  two  hundred 
miles.  Tlie  view  from  the  top  of  the  mountain,  just 
before  you. begin  to  descend,  looking  toward  Lewiston, 
is  very  line ;  the  windings  of  the  Niagara,  the  different 
points  jutting  into  the  river,  the  peculiar  hue  of  the 
water ;  the  forest  extending,  in  many  places  apparently 
unbroken,  to  the  Lake;  Fort  Niagara,  and  the  Cana- 
dian villnoe  of  Niao-ara,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river;  the 
higlilands  of  Toronto,  forty  miles  distant,  but  distinctly 
eeen  on  a  bright  day,  their  dnrk  tints  vividly  contrasting 


» 


If. 

t — ' 

'A 

I 

3 

-  — N 

r. 


^r- 


?9 


u 


a 


1 


■j, 


>l 


i   I 
f  I 


'.:   |l' 


M 


i 

II  '*,' 


FORT    OREY. 


69 


with  the  deep  blue  waters  of  Ontario  —  all  combine 
to  give  a  character  and  variety  to  the  scene  rarely 
equaled.  On  the  left  hand  is  a  point  of  land  on 
v/hich,  during  the  last  war,  was  erected  a  battery, 
called  Fort  Grey.  Here  the  French  while  in  posses- 
sion of  the  countr  ,  erected  a  small  railway,  to  enable 
them  to  transport  their  goods  up  the  mountain.  It 
was  composed  of  timbers  laid  firmly  upon  foundations 
of  stene,  and  the  power  made  use  of  was  capstans 
and  windlasses.  The  timbers  have  long  since  mould- 
ered away,  but  the  course  of  the  railway  can  still  be 
ascertained  by  the  stone  abutments  which  remain. 

In  Father  Hennepin's  account  of  his  voyage  he 
speaks  of  the  "  three  mountains  " —  he  must  have  in- 
cluded first,  the  hi^'h  bank  of  the  river,  next  the  pla- 
teau upon  which  the  towers  of  the  Suspension  Bridge 
are  built,  and  last,  the  main  ridge  or  mountain. 

Lewiston,  before  the  building  of  the  Erie  Canal,  was 
a  place  of  considerable  importance.  At  that  time 
large  quantities  of  goods,  and  salt  from  Onondaga, 
desio-ned  for  the  western  country,  were  brouoht  m 
vessels  to  Lewiston,  and  carried  in  wagons  across  the 
Portage  to  Schl(jssor,  and  then  re-shipped.  Upon  the 
completion  of  the  canal,  this  trade  ceased,  and  the 
village  has  increased  but  slowly. 

The  Suspension  Bridge,  at  this  point,  is  one  of  the 
most   remarkable   v,-orks   of  thf   dnv.     Spanning   thcf 


V 

ill 


'!i'l 


^: 


CO 


fiUS  PENSION    BKIDGE. 


Niagara,  it  is  supported  by  ten  cables  —  fh'e  upon  a 
side  —  resting  upon  towers  of  cut  stone,  tlie  ends 
running  i  i^o  the  eartii,  and  secured  to  anchors  drilled 
into  the  solid  rock,  six  or  seven  feet.  Each  cable  is 
composed  of  two  hvuidred  and  fifty  strands  of  No. 
10  wire,  placed  parallel  and  firmly  bound  together, 
the  whole  length,  by  another  wire.  The  distance 
between  the  points  of  suspension,  or  span,  is  one 
thousand  and  forty  feet;  width  of  road- way,  twenty 
feet.  This,  the  longest  suspension  bridge  in  the  world, 
was  erected  by  a  few  gentlemen  upon  each  side  of  the 
river,  in  1850,  under  the  superintendence  of  E.  W. 
Serrell,  C.  E. 

The  law  authorizing  th-^  construction  of  the  work, 
required  that,  upon  its  completion,* it  should  be  tested 
by  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court.  After 
he  had  examined  the  structure  in  detail,  a  number  of 
wagons  loaded  with  gravel  and  sand,  and  several  car- 
riages, were  driven  upon  the  bridge,  extending  the 
whole  leno'th ;  hut  the  weioht  of  these  made  no  im- 
pression  upon  it,  so  substantially  is  it  built.  The  loca- 
tion of  this  bridge  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  points 
between  the  two  lakes  for  a  railroad  crossinor,  bein^ 
at  the  head  of  navigation  from  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  a 
level  with  the  great  plain  already  spoken  of,  extending 
from  near  Oswego  wcstAvard,  through  Canada. 


,' 


qUEENSTON. 


01 


I 


I 


i 


QUEENSTON. 

The  village  of  Queenston,  at  the  Canadian  termi- 
nation of  the  bridge,  is  celebrated  as  the  scene  of  one 
of  the  hardesii  fights  during  the  last  war  with  Great 
Britain. 

This  occuired  on  the  13th  of  October,  1812.  A 
portion  of  the  American  army,  comnlanded  by  Colonel 
Van  Rensselaer,  crossed  the  river  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, with  the  expectation  that  the  militia  were  to  be 
brought  over  as  rapidly  as  the  number  of  their  boats 
would  allow.  After  a  severe  fight,  the  Americans 
obtained  possession  of  the  English  batteries ;  but  this 
victory,  so  dearly  won,  was  lost  to  them  from  the 
cowardice  of  the  troops  remaining  on  the  American 
side  of  the  river,  who,  at  this  moment,  refused  to 
cross,  alleging  the  unconstitutionality  of  the  act.  The 
few  brave  men  who  held  possession  of  the  heights 
were  wearied  and  worn  out,  and  with  but  little  ammu- 
nition remaining,  their  case  seemed  almost  hopeless. 
A  large  reinforcement  of  troops  from  Fort  George  now 
arrived  under  command  of  General  Brock  ;  yet  even 
under  these  discouraging  circumstances,  they  resolved 


.;i 


,' 


03 


QUEENSTON. 


to  make  one  cfiort  more,  and  gallantly  charged  upon 
the  advancing  troops.  The  Enghsh  at  first  gave  way, 
and  it  Avas  in  attempting  to  rally  them  that  General 
Brock  was  killed,  and  his  aid,  Colonel  McDonald,  re- 
ceived a  mortal  wound.  They  were  once  more  brouoht 
to  the  attack,  aiid  longer  resistance  being  hopeless,  the 
Americans  surrendered  to  General  Siieafe,  who  had 
taken  command  upon  the  death  of  General  Buock. 

A  monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  General 
BuocK  stands  on  the  llei<>-hts.     This  was  commenced 

o 

in  the  year  1824,  and  finished  in  1826,  at  which  time 
the  bodies  of  General  Brock  and  his  aid.  Colonel 
McDonald,  were  brouoht  from  Niaoara  and  reinterred 
■\A  ith  military  lionors. 

In  the  spring  of  1839,  a  miscreant,  who  had  been 
obliged  to  leave  Canada  for  his  participation  in  the 
political  troubles  of  1838,  conceived  the  idea  of  de- 
molishino-  this  monument,  erected  to  the  memory  of  a 
good  man  and  gallant  soldier,  and  succeeded  in  plac- 
ing  a  quantity  of  powder  in  the  lower  part,  Avith  a 
slow-match  attached.  The  explosion  took  place  about 
four  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  the  report  was  like 
that  of  one  of  the  heaviest  pieces  of  artillery.  The 
explosion  shattered  the  monument  very  much,  but 
did  not  entirely  destroy  it.  The  feeling  of  indignation 
against  the  author  of  this  outrage  was  not  greater  on 
the  Canadian  than  on  the  American  side  of  the  river, 


'r 


crock's  monument. 


I^'l 


I 


I 


I 


i 


L  K  W  I  S  T  O  N. 


6fi 


for  General  Brock  was  a  man  highly  esteemed  by 
both  parties. 

The  view  on  page  sixty-three  exhibits  the  monument 
as  it  now  appears,  since  the  attempt  to  destroy  it 
Some  steps  have  been  taken  to  repair  it;  but  for  some 
reason,  it  has  not  been  accomplished. 

The  site  of  the  villaoe  of  Lewiston  was  the  home  of 
the  Mohawk  Indians,  after  leaving  the  banks  of  the 
river  bearing  their  name.  This  was  once  the  resi- 
dence of  their  celebrated  chief,  Joseph  Brant,  "  Thay- 
cndenega,"  who,  with  his  followers,  here  formed  a 
considerable  villnoe.  Turner,  in  his  interestino;  his- 
tory  of  "  The  Holland  Purchase,"  gives  an  account  of 
an  Episcopal  church  at  this  place,  which  will  be  read 
with  interest:  "There  was  a  log  church,  in  which 
the  Episcopal  service  was  usually  read  upon  Sundays, 
by  some  one  attached  to  the  British  garrison  at  Niag- 
ara; and  occasionally  a  British  army  chaplain,  or  a 
missionary,  would  be  present."  The  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church,  "  in  any  history  of  its  origin  and  pro- 
gress in  western  New  York,  may  weh  assume  that, 
beyond  the  garrison  at  Niagara,  Brant's  rude  log 
church  was  the  spot  whore  its  services  were  first  held. 
Upon  a  humble  log  church  there  could,  of  course,  be 
no  belfry  or  steeple.  The  bell  that  was  brought  from 
the  Mohawk,  was  hung  upon  a  cross-bar  resting  in  the 
crotch  of  ft  tree,  and  rang  by  a  rope  attached." 


■.■  I 


1 


06 


YOUNOSTOWN. 


Il 


Three  miles  from  Lewiston  is  an  Indian  village  of 
the  TusoAKouAH.  lIiMc  is  a  small  church,  with  a  res- 
ident missionary ;  the  scr\  ices  are  quite  interesting  to 
strangers;  tlu;  minister  delivers  his  discourse,  a  sen- 
tence at  a  time,  in  Knglish,  and  their  chief  translates 
it  into  the  Indian  tongue.  It  is  a  pleasant  drive  of  six 
miles  from  the  Falls,  and  is  visited  by  a  great  number 
of  travelers. 

We  ;ire  now  ready  to  embark  in  one  of  the  beau- 
tiful American  steamers,  which  are  unsurpassed  for 
beauty  of  decoration,  comfort,  and  convenience  of 
arrangements,  or  seawtjrthy  qualities. 

The'  character  of  the  scenery  of  the  Niagara  is  en- 
tirely changed  at  Lewiston.  The  river,  after  emerging 
from  the  high  banks  at  the  brow  of  the  mountain, 
sweeps  on  in  a  majestic  and  tranquil  current  to  the 
lake,  as  thouoh  wearied  with  the  lierce  strife  in  which 
it  liad  been  engaged.  The  shores  lose  their  wildness, 
but  retain  their  beauty,  and  are  lined  on  either  side, 
with  fine  farms  and  beautiful  groves. 

The  first  stopping-place  is  the  village  of  Youngs- 
town,  six  miles  below  Lewiston.  This  is  a  small  town 
named  after  its  founder,  the  late  John  Young,  Esq. 
Its  site  was  the  battle-ground,  on  the  24th  of  July, 
1759,  of  the  French  and  Indians,  under  the  command 
of  Mons.  D'AuniiEv,  and  the  English  and  Indians,  com- 
manded by  General  Prideaux,  and,  after  his  death, 


N  I  A  O  A  II  A. 


07 


by  Sir  William  Johnson.  This  baltlc  rcsultod  iii  tiio 
capture  of  Fort  Niagara. 

'I'lu!  Canadian  villau,('  of  Niaoauv  is  situated  oppo- 
site! Y(juivj,st()\vn ;  it  was  fnrnu'rly  called  Newauic. 
Fort  (iioouon  was  taken  })y  llm  Americans,  on  tho 
29th  of  May,  IHlil.  On  tlie  lOtli  of  December,  of 
the  samo.  year,  tlic  village  of  Newark  was  burned  by 
the  orders  of  (Jeneral  McCluue.  Tho  fort  was  de- 
stroyed at  the  same  time,  ami  was  never  rebuilt.  Tho 
remains  of  the  old  embankments,  a  short  distance 
above  the  present  village,  can  be  distinctly  seen  from 
the  steamer. 

About  OIK.'  mile  below  these  embankments  is  a  fort, 
constructed  by  the  British,  called  FoutMassasaugua. 
A  small  o-arrison  is  usually  stationed  there. 


n 


'n' 


FOnX  MASSASAUOUA. 


roUT    NlAUAUA. 


! 


ft 


FORT   NIAGARA, 

• ,     i^  nne  of  the  most  interesting 
Ou  the  American  s.ae.  .  on    of  ^^^^^  ^^^^ 

^'"•'"'^  ""  n  ""eX;  .a.  P^^i^^ae.  .«, 
erected  some  buildings  enc  ^^^^ 

--•-'' ^^:^rtr;:r"peaition.unaer 

1  •.  «-.m  one  cause  ot  xn^  ^  *  ^ 

this,  ^^  ^is  on«  Senecas.     On 

----'^'.'tcrtMrl^Iipo.es.on.in 
theiv  return,  m  1C87,  tl  J  ^^^^^_  ^  ^^^^^ 

the  name  of  the  king-  of  l.anee, 

„      Tn  1688,  orders  were  leceivtuuj 

,  {„,.  thereon.  ^   "^^^  ;^^,„^„,,„, „f  t^e  fort,  from 
SieurDKSBKROKU^s,thce  ^^^  j^^. 

the  Marquis  DK  DK.oKva..      od 

fication,.ith  the  excepts  »;;<>„  ^^^  ^„„,,.,„„  >„ 

^''"i:re;ll"-^3e.yanathe.reneh 
to  maintain  tne  pu&»^  „      a  ^0^2 

have  for  a  iong  time  had  on  th.s  con  ^e  t^     A™  ^;^ 
the  matters  enumerated  m  th>s  —  ;;;^;  . 

.„,e,  framed.  Wen  cr.s,  ^^^^      J  ^,^^ 


I 


(resting 
E  lierc 
,,  which 
revenge 
n,  under 
;as.     On 
cssion,  in 
,  to  build 
ed  by  the 
fort,  from 
the  forti- 
and  quar- 
ondition  in 
:iain  entire, 
the  French 
»     Among 
xm,  was  "  a 
in  height," 
it  upon  the 
on  last  good 


i 


FORT    NIAGARA. 


l\ 


(!  ; 


KC^i^ 


Friday,  by  all  the  officers,  and  solemnly  blessed  by 
Rev.  Father  Millet." 

The  place  seems  to  have  been  abandoned  by  the 
French  from  this  time  till  1725,  at  which  time  the 
mess-house  and  other  storehouses  were  built. 

On  tho  6th  of  July,  1759,  General  Prideaux  land- 
ed on  tne  lake  shore,  just  below  the  mouth  of  the 


I  m 


FOUT    NIAUAHA. 


river,  Avith  a  lar^c  furci'  <.)f  Kiii-lisli,  and  a  "  tliousand 
lii>lilinL!;  nu'ii "  of  llie  Indians,  and  besie^'od  Niao-ani. 
Tiie  battle  before  alliuU-d  to  in  tlici  skctcli  of  Youngs- 
TowN,  took  place  on  the  24th;  and  on  the  25th,  the 
English  took  possession  of  the  fortification.  They 
retained  it  until  179G,  when  it  Avas  given  up  to  the 
Americans.  It  was  again  taken  by  the  English  on 
the  night  of  the  19th  December,  1813,  and  held  by 
them  till  after  the  peace  of  1815. 

Within  a  few  years,  this  fort  has  been  thoroughly 
repaired,  and  a  new  wall  constructed.  During  the 
progress  of  these  repairs,  many  relics  of  former  (kys 
were  found.  The  enti-nices  to  several  underground 
passages  were  discovered,  but  owiii^  to  their  ruinous 
state,  they  were  not  entered:  could  this  have  been 
done,  no  doubt  many  interesting  discoveries  would 
have  been  made. 

In  the  dungeons  of  the  mess-house  were  formerly 
the  remains  of  many  instruments  of  torture,  and 
chains  firmly  fastened  in  the  wall.  The  walls  were 
covered  with  names  scratched  upon  them,  many  ap- 
parently with  a  nail.  A  French  gentleman  visited 
here  a  few  years  since,  and  in  his  explorations,  found 
among  these  names  that  of  an  ancestor  who  had  mys- 
teriously disappeared  during  a  period  of  political  ex- 
citement in  France ;  thus  proving  that  these  dungeons 
were  sometimes  used  for  state  prisoners.     Could  the 


FORT   X  I  A  a  A  ri  A 


73 


walls  of  the  old  *'  mess  house,"  which  can  be  seen 
from  the  boat,  be  i^it'ted  witli  spei'ch,  Avluit  strange 
tales  they  could  relate!  In  these  halls,  the  polished 
French,  and  "  gentle  ladies "  had  held  their  revels, 
and  mino-Uno-  v.ilh   ihem  Avcre  the  "  red  ■svarriors," 


the  mere  recital  of  some  of  Avliose  deeds  of  cruel 


^y 


would  cause  a  shudder.  After  the  occupation  by  the 
English,  it  was  a  favorite  post,  and  strange  and  varied 
were  the  scenes  which  passed  within  its  walls.  The 
traditions  and  stories  connected  with  this  old  fort 
would  lill  N'olumes. 

There  are  two  Unes  of  American  steamers  leavino- 
Lcwiston  dailv, —  the  Express  Line  at  12  o'clock, 
by  which  passengers  are  enabled  to  see  Toronto  and 
the  other  towns  upon  the  Canadian  side  of  lake  Ontario, 
and  arrive  in  Montreal  the  following  afternoon,  passing 
the  Thousand  Islands  and  the  Rapids  by  daylight. 


'■>i 


.:.    ( 


i 


TORONTO. 


TORONTO. 

This  city,  formerly  called  Little  York,  is  cele- 
brated in  history  as  the  place  where  General  Pike 
was  killed  by  the  explosion  of  a  magazine,  at  the  time 
of  its  capture  by  the  Americans,  April  27th,  1813.  It 
now  contains  about  twenty-five  thousand  inhabitants, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  flourishing  of  her  majesty's 
Canadian  towns. 

The  United  States  Mail  Line,  running  upon  the 
American  side,  leaves  Lewiston  at  3  o'clock,  p  m. 
After  leaving  Fort  Niagara,  passengers  have  a  pleas- 
ant sail  along  the  shore  of  the  beautiful  Ontario,  which 
is  interspersed  with  flourishing  villages  and  fine  farms, 
until  they  arrive  at  the  Genesee  river.  The  river  is 
navigable  five  miles,  and  the  steamboat  landing  at  that 
point  is  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Rochester. 

The  lower  ffills  of  the  Genesee  are  about  half  a 
mile  above  the  landing.  The  Indians  called  this  Gas- 
coucHAGou ;  and  it  is  described  in  a  letter,  written  in 
1775,  as  "a  river  unknown  to  geographers,  and  filled 
with  rapids  and  waterfalls."  The  Genesee,  below  the 
Fulls,  is  a  quiet  stream,  shut  in  by  lofty  banks,  and 


. 


J 


a 


'": 


GENESEE    RIVER, 


iO 


its  course  being  excoeiliiigly  •winding',  adds  much  to 
its  beauty.  On  tlie  bank  of  this  river,  three  miles 
below  the  present  city  of  Rochester,  the  lirst  Ameri- 
can vessel  was  built,  in  1  7  08.  She  was  of  tliirty  tons 
burden,  and  was  called  the  "  Jfimima." 

After  leaving  the  Genesee,  the  steamers  make  no 
stop  till  they  arrive  at  Oswego,  where  passengers  can 
take  the  cars  in  the  morning,  and  arrive  at  Albany  in 
time  for  the  boats  and  cars  for  New  York  and  Bos- 
ton, the  same  afternoon. 


' 


a 


OSWEGO. 


0  S  \V  EGO. 

The  Indian  name  of  this  place  was  Choueguen. 
The  first  settlement  was  made  in  1727,  bv  tlie  Eno- 
lis)],  who  built  a  trading  liouse  Jind  fortiiu'd  it,  on  the 
west  side  of  the  jivcr.  Tins  ri'avc  i.''r^.'rct  displeasure 
to  the  rr(!;cli;  and  in  July  of  tlie  same  year,  tlie 
Marquis  Beaujiaiinais,  (Mnxrnor  General  of  Canada, 
called  unon  the  Emdish  to  surrender  theii-  fort.  This 
modest  i-equest  w,".s  not  eomp'ded  v.ilh. 

In  1755,  the  EnLdi.<li  built  a  fort  on  the  cast  side 
of  the  river,  on  the  present  sit:;  of  Fort  Ontario. 
The  first  Engli.sh  vcsst^l  on  this  lake  v,-as  built  at 
Choueguen,  and  huuicin-d  June  2Sih,  1755.  On  the 
11th  of  August,  175G,  the  Marnuis  De  Montcalm 
appeared  before  the  place  with  a  large  force  of  French 
and  Indians,  and  after  a  sieo-e  of  three  davs,  the  Eno-- 
lish  surrendered.  The  French  obtained  j)oss(^ssion  of 
•d  large  amount  of  property,  consisting  of  arms,  pro- 
visions, and  several  vessels;  also,  "  three  boxes  of  sil- 
ver, and  the  militin-y  chost  containing  £18,000."  The 
traditions  connected  with  the  seizure  of  this  silver  and 
money,  are  no  doubt  the  origin  of  the  sclienies  of  dig- 
^ng  for  treasurer;  so  ofLen  entered  into,  and  e  ;en  at 


lO'- 


I, III 

!4|';l|llilil4(,i. 


i^m 


f. 

o 

"1 
e 
n 

H 

O 

>>; 
H 

to 


'  1  ■  iiii  ii.il"'  'i.i"r 


w:'i  idwim 


mm 


•Mllll'll"' 


'1'' 

,'!!|iS' 


imw 


|!*(il  l",.W:. 


'Mfiliilll.iii 


I  'i 


i.  i|!i 


i^i 


^' 


'■•. 


Il  I 


I! 


I  n 


OSWEGO. 


79 


the  present  time  ^'oing  on,  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
old  fort. 

After  taking  possession  of  their  jjlundcir,  the  French 
entirely  destroyed  the  fortilication,  and  i-eturned  pos- 
session of  the  land  to  the  Onondaga  Indians,  **  to  be 
held  by  them  forever." 

It  was  rebuilt  by  the  English  about  the  year  1759. 
Just  before  the  American  Revolution,  they  very  much 
strengthened  this  fortilication.  They  retained  posses- 
sion of  it  till  1790,  when  it  was  given  up  to  the 
United  States.  An  attack  was  made  by  the  English 
upon  this  post,  in  May  1814,  when  it  was  com- 
manded by  Colonel  Mitchell,  who  succeeded  in  retreat- 
ing m  good  order,  and  securing  a  large  portion  of  his 
stores.  The  English  landed  and  destroyed  the  ord- 
nance, and,  taking  a  quantity  of  property  from  the 
village,  embarked  and  retired. 

Fort  Ontario  has,  within  a  few  years,  been  thor- 
oughly repaired,  and  is  now  a  very  strong  position. 
May  the  time  never  again  come  Avhen  its  guns  shall 
be  needed  to  repulse  an  enemy  from  our  shores. 

Oswego  is  now  a  flourishing  city  of  about  fifteen 
thousand  inhabitants.  Here  is  the  termination  of  a 
railroad  connecting  at  Syracuse  with  the  central  line 
of  railroad  to  Albany.  A  new  railroad  will  soon  be 
built  to  Binghampton,  and  when  finished,  will  make 
Oswego  the    cjreat  coal   depot  of   lake  Ontario  and 


80 


o  9  w  E  a  o. 


i' .    I 


Canadiu  After  tlio  completion  of  tliis  road,  the  difFer- 
once  ill  distance  between  Oswego  and  New  York, 
and  Oswego  and  Philadelphia,  will  be  only  about 
twenty  miles.  Oswego  is  also  the  terminus  of  the 
Oswego  canal,  connecting  at  Syracuse  with  the  Erie 
canal.  It  is  a  j)lace  of  great  commercial  importance, 
there  being  a  large  commerce  between  this  port  and 
the  upper  Lakes  and  CanadtL  Here,  also,  arc  some 
of  the  finest  flouring  mills  in  the  world,  and  immense 
quantities  of  flour  are  annually  exported.  The  large 
starch  factory,  at  this  place,  forwarded  specimens  of 
its  manufacture  to  the  World's  Fair,  and  received  a 
premium. 

The  steamer  leaves  Oswego  about  eii>'ht  o'clock  in 
the  morning,  and,  after  a  pleasant  sail  of  three  hours, 
arrives  at  the  naval  post  of  Sackett's  Haubor. 

This  is  a  small  town  situated  on  the  north-eastern 
shore  of  lake  Ontario,  distant  from  Oswego  about 
forty-five  miles,  and  twenty  from  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence?. It  was  purchased  and  taken  possession  of  by 
Mr.  Sackett,  of  Jamiaca,  L.  I.,  in  1799.  In  1801 
only  three  ffimilies  had  settled  here,  in  consequence 
of  a  prejudice  at  that  time  existing  against  settlements 
on  the  lake  shore,  on  account  of  the  supposed  un- 
healthiness  of  m  large  a  body  of  fresh  water. 

This  place  was  the  great  naval  station  on  tlie  Lake 
durinff  the  last  war  witli  Great  Britain.      All   the 


ill* 


i     5 


in 


I 


Jill*' 


Mi'" 


';:!ll!^i 


llliliiliii'.'''' 


ii  ■■'"'■ '"''■" 


lii' 


il''i 


''!i  ;i 


' !  :l 


l.",'l 


riACKETT's     llAliJJUU. 


&;} 


t 


vessels  of  war,  Avitli  the  exception  of  the  Onetda,  Avhich 
was  built  at  Oswego  in  180S,  were  built  at  this  port, 
under  the  superintendence  of  Henry  Eckford,  Esq., 
Avho  died  a  few  years  since  at  Constantinople,  whither 
he  had  gone  to  superintend  the  building  of  some 
vessels  for  the  sultan. 

In  the  ship-liousc,  on  the  point  at  the  entrance  of 
the  harbor,  is  now  remaining,  in  a  state  of  good  pres- 
ervation, a  ship  of  the  line  of  one  hundred  guns,  which 
was  commenced  in  1814;  but  peace  being  declared 
soon  after,  it  was  never  linished.  In  thirty  days  from 
the  time  the  timber  was  oTowhiu;  in  the  woods,  the 
ship  Wcis  ;idvancod  to  its  present  state,  and  it  was  the; 
intention  of  the  builder  in  sixty  days  more  to  ha\e 
had  her  ready  for  sea. 

Sackett's  Harbor  was  attacked  by  the  English,  com- 
manded by  Sir  George  Provost,  on  the  30th  May 
1813.  They  effected  a  landing,  but  after  a  severe 
figlit  were  driven  back  to  their  boats,  and  retreated, 
leaving  many  of  their  wounded.  Unfortunately,  the 
officers  in  charge  of  the  naval  stores,  fearing  they 
mio'ht  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  EnHish,  set  lire  to 
the  buildings,  and  the 
at  "Little  Yoric,"  wei 

•  There  is  an  extensive  military  post  liere,  called 
"Madison  Ijarracks." 


immenselv  valuable  stores  taken 
onsumed. 


;(    ' 


'■y\. 


'  ]( 
it 

.i      ! 


In   1 810,  the  first   American  steamer  on  this  Lake. 


84 


S  T  E  A  M  E  K    O  N  I'  A  K  1  O 


was  built  here,  and  called  the  Ontaiuc^  Siie  was  about 
one  hundred  and  ten  feet  k-ng  on  deck,  had  a  beam 
engine,  thirty-four  inch  cy]ind(.'r,  and  four  feet  stroke. 
It  was  then  considered  unsafe  to  have  any  structure  on 
deck,  larger  than  a  small  cabin  on  the  quarterdeck  Ibr 
the  ladies.     The  Ontario  was  finally  laid  by  in   1831, 

There  is  a  railroad  nearl}'  completed  from  Sackett's 
Harbor  to  Pierrepoinfc  Manoi-,  a  distance  of  about 
sixteen  miles,  and  there  connecting  with  the  Rome  and 
Cape  Vincent  Railroad. 

The  Express  Line  of  Steamers,  after  leaving  Toronto, 
make  their  first  stop  at  Cape  Vincent,  a  small  village 
delightfully  situated  at  the  entrance  of  the  river  St. 
Lawrence.  This,  together  with  the  neighboring  village 
of  CriAUMONT,  was  named  in  honor  of  one  of  the  early 
settlers,  M.  Vincent  Le  R  \y  de  Chaumont.  It  h;\3 
been  quite  noted  for  having  been  the  residence  of 
several  political  adherents  of  the  Emperor  Napoleon, 
and  a  number  of  articles  of  his  furniture  and  books 
were  once  deposited  here,  preparatory,  it  is  said,  to  his 
seeking  here  an  asylum. 

A  railroad  has  just  been  completed  from  this  place 
to  Rome,  by  which  passengers  leaving  here  in  the 
morning,  can  reach  New  York  the  same  evening. 
This  road  passes  through  the  pretty  village  of  Brown- 
viu,e,  the  residence  of  the  lat(3  Major  General  Urown  ; 
also  the   village  of   Watertown,  situated  on   Black 


i 


!: 

m 


'TM 


i',  I 


■ii  '^    VI'      'I 

]pfi|'ii;:l| 

i^.:!  ;i:''i!iPi?'': ,  III 


f:i& 


.;  I 


!«!fi',iji,||liillM 


.Aim 


umm 


ill 


■':?l^''■i.l^i: 


f4 

■1.    ' ' 


II! 


I'    id} 


fill 

'ill 




f 

m 


'*:''':f;;liii! 

ill  .;r||jt  ■' 


s  ■ 

li||i'  f"''    I'll        ■^!:|iili 


f 


l';i'i*ill:'",  ■  ' 


(J  K  A  N  D     It?  I.  A  N  I). 


s: 


river,  and  one  of  the  most  flourishing  and  well-built 
towns  in  the  state. 

Lying  between  Cape  Vincent  and  Kingston,  is 
Grand  Island,  belonging  to  the  English.  Two  small 
bays  put  into  either  side  of  this  island;  and  at  this 
uoint  it  is  contemplated,  the  coming  year,  to  construct 
J I  ship  canal,  a  mile  and  a  half  long.  By  this  means 
vessels  will  avoid  going  round  the  head  of  the  island, 
and  diminish  the  distance  about  one  half. 

Three  miles  below  Cape  Vincent  is  Carleton  Island, 
which  is  about  three  miles  long  and  about  one  mile 
wide.  At  its  head  are  the  ruins  of  a  fortification 
erected  by  the  French  at  an  early  day ;  these  can  be 
distinctly  seen  from  the  steamer,  many  of  the  chim- 
r.eys  remaining  quite  entire.  At  this  island  the 
i^rench  sunk  two  vessels,  to  prevent  their  fulling  into 
the  hands  of  the  English.  The  Avater  being  very  clear, 
the  remains  of  these  can  be  distinctly  seen,  filled  with 
oravel  and  stones. 

o 

The  United  States  l>ine  of  Steamers,  after  leaving 
Sackett's  Harbor,  in  crossing  over  to  Kingston,  pass 
between  the  islands  lying  at  the  foot  of  lake  Ontario, 
and  those  lying  within  the  St.  Lawrence. 


'I  1 


ki 


i* 


II'  I 


il 


.1(1    I 


I  i 


I 


i 


88 


K  J  N  G  S  1  o  N 


KINGSTOxY  —  UrrER    CANADA. 

The  Indian  name  of  lliis  place  is  Cadaracqui.  Tlic 
Freneli  commenced  biiildinL;'  a  fort  hero  in  1072, 
under  the  orders  of  M.  De  Coukcellks,  then  Gov- 
ernor  of  C'anada.  He  returned  to  Fraiic'  liie  same 
vcai-,  and  ihe  fort  was  iinished  the  next  spiiiio-,  under 
the  orders  of  his  successor,  Count  Frontenac,  and 
called  l)^'  his  name.  The  command  of  it  was  after- 
wai'd  oivcn  to  M.  De  La  Salle,  who,  in  1678,  rebuilt 
it  with  stone.  The  same  year  a  bark  of  i.-'n  ions  was 
launched.  Tn  1 6S8,  upon  hearing'  the  news  of  the 
capture  c<f  Miititrfal  by  the  Indians,  the  oa,nison  set 
tire  to  ihc  two  bn;its  ilicv  had  built  there  .md  aban- 
doned the  fort,  bavinj  nial'hr-:-  ..oimtcted  witli  their 


9 


> 
O 

o 
w 
o 

> 

V) 

► 

o 


a 

> 

H 


r 

o 


O 


M  ]   a  -;     'I' 


I   I   r"'fwB-    'ITT-i  TdW-/'    ■'i"V.'  ■    III    Mil        '.!* 


<; 


!■■.     •  iSJH  ■  JV*^  ■L-'-;?<fe^»..-,  ''-■'iV  '  I    '.'i'     'III  ii   '      nil 


;.'MI 


Iiii 


II 


II 'i 


,  I 


!l,  i:;  ! 


;ii!  •I'll 


\y^       ,1^:1'' 
lt»T         •    ':mI'' 


t 


L 


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i 


' 


I 


II 


I  '  ! 


KINGSTON. 


01 


store  of  powder,  to  blow  up  tlic  works.  13y  Kume 
mismanagement,  this  was  not  etFcctod,  and  upon  tlie 
Indians'  landing  there  some  time  after,  they  found 
quite  a  stock  of  powder  remaining. 

This  position  was  again  garrisoned  by  the  French,  in 
1089,  and  held  by  them  till  1758,  at  which  time  an 
expedition,  under  command  of  Colonel  Bradstueet, 
embarked  from  Oswego,  and  after  two  days  hard 
fighting,  he  obtained  possession  of  it,  and  destroyet^ 
the  fort  and  vessels,  and  such  articles  as  he  could  not 
bring  away.  The  peace  of  1762  extinguished  the 
French  title,  and,  after  its  acquisition  by  the  English, 
its  name  was  changed  to  Kingston. 

This  was  an  important  naval  station  of  the  English, 
during  the  war  of  1812,  and  several  ships,  of  the 
largest  class,  were  built  here.  The  post  was  can- 
nonaded by  the  American  fleet  under  Commodore 
CiiAUNCEY,  in  1812. 

Kingston  is  now  one  of  the  most  important  towns 
in  Canada,  and,  next  to  Quebec,  is  the  most  strongly 
fortified. 

On  Cedar  Island  is  a  martello  tower  ;  on  a  point 
overlooking  the  town  and  navy-yard,  is  a  strong*  forti- 
fication, called  Fort  Henry,  and  the  harbor  is  defend- 
<'(l  by  several  martello  towers.  After  the  union  of  the 
] Provinces,  this  was,  for  a  few  years,  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment.    The  building  for  the  })ublic  offices  and  the 


■!    I 


02 


t:  I,  A  Y  I'fi  S. 


I 


i! 


y 


i    !! 


:i:  i!    n 


miU'kt't,  is  oiu'  cif  tlie  liiiosl  uii  the  continent.  In  front 
of  it  is  11  liirLi,v  batteiy,  and  a  martello  tower  standing 
on  a  slioal  in  lli"  l»;irl)()r. 

I'assengcfs  1imv(!  a  line  view  of  tlie  dty  and  fortifi- 
cations fnnn  tlie  steamer,  in  entering-  and  departing* 
from  tlie  liarbor.  On  leaving  Kingston,  \vc  enter 
iH)ou  tli(^  river  St.  Lam  itEXCK.  Tlie  Tlionsand  Islands 
comnT'iice  here,  but  being  quite  large,  are  not  numer- 
ous until  you  a})proaeli  Clavton. 

This  is  a  small  village  upon  the  American  side,  and 
is  noted  as  the  o-reat  raftino-  station  of  E.  G.  ^Iekkick, 
Esq.,  where  large  ship-timber  and  staves  are  formed 
into  rafts,  and  floated  down  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Mon- 
treal and  Quebec.  These  rafts  are  often  passed  in  de- 
scending the  river,  and  from  tluiir  requiring  many  men 
tcjp  navigate  thorn,  and  their  erecting  upon  them  little 
liuts  for  shelter,  at  a  little  distance  they  present  the 
appearance  of  a  villnge.  Mr.  Merricmv:  has  liere  an 
extensive  shipyard,  wherein  many  of  th'i  vessels  nav- 
igating the  Liikes,  and  several  of  the  fine  steamers 
belonging  to  the  American  Line,  were  built. 

This  i '  also  the  residence  of  the  well  known  \Vm. 
Johnson,  who  figured  in  the  late  Canadian  rebellion. 
In  consequence  of  his  participation  in  these  trotiblcs, 
lie  was  obliged  to  seclude  himself  from  the  search 
instituted  for  him  by  troops  under  the  command  of  th(3 
late   General   Worth.     It  was  dui'ino-  this  seclusion 


m\ 


V  ,'ri,  i|i  ,1 


tli 


M";>' 


1  r   -l-l; 


IMP' 1  *•'■;»«-- 


11. 


f   i 


* 


A^^  \'<*' 


^.1^, 


^. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


■tt  I2i2   12.2 


US 

iss 

u 


|20 

IE 

y^  iiiu  11.6 


I 


HK)lDgra[Jiic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STMIT 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MSM 

(716)t72-4S03 


^ 


iV 


€ 


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\ 


:\ 


.^. 


w 


<> 


> 


i 


THOUSAND    ISLANDS. 


95 


upon  one  of  the  islands  in  the  neighborhood,  that  his 
daughter  "  Kate  "  acquired  her  title  of  "  Qiieen  of  the 
Thousand  Islands,"  from  her  visiting  and  carrying  him 
qrovisions,  in  her  canoe. 

We  are  now  in  the  midst  of  the  Thousand  Islands. 
Persons,  on  hearing  these  islands  spoken  of,  often 
make  the  remark  that  the  number  must  be  exagger- 
ated; but,  on  the  contrary,  it  is  not  sufficient,  there 
being  about  fifteen  hundred.  At  the  lighthouse,  four 
miles  below  Clayton,  eighty  can  be  counted  from  the 
deck  of  the  steamboat  The  following  is  a  descrip 
tion  of  the  Thousand  Islands,  written  by  a  Frenchman 
in  1664:  "An  infinity  of  little  islands  are  at  the 
entrance  of  the  lake,  in  such  great  number,  and  in 
such  variety,  that  the  most  experienced  Iroquois  pilots 
sometimes  lose  themselves  there,  and  experience  con- 
siderable difficulty  in  distinguishing  the  course  to  be 
steered  in  the  confusion,  and,  as  it  were,  the  labyrinth 
formed  by  the  islands,  which  otherwise  have  nothing 
agreeable  beyond  their  multitude.  For  these  are  only 
huge  rocks  rising  out  of  the  water,  covered  merely 
with  moss  or  a  few  spruce,  or  other  stunted  wood, 
whose  roots  spring  from  the  clefts  of  the  rocks,  which 
can  supply  no  other  aliment  or  moisture  to  these 
barren  trees  than  what  the  rains  furnish  them." 

About  six  miles  below  Clayton,  upon  Wells  Island, 
there  is  a  small  wharf,  at  which,  in  the  year  1888,  the 


96 


UROCKVILLE. 


British  steamer  Sir  Robert  Peel,  while  taking  in 
wood,  was  burned  by  the  Canadian  Patriots. 

The  next  port,  after  leaving  Clayton,  is  Alexandria 
Bay;  a  romantic  little  place,  built  upon  a  mass  of 
rocks.  This  is  a  favorite  resort  for  hunters,  as  well  as 
the  disciples  of  Isaak  Walton.  Three  miles  below  the 
village  is  a  position  whence  one  hundred  islands  are  in 
view  at  once.       ,  v      - 

Our  next  stop  is  made  at  Brockville,  on  the  Cana- 
dian side  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  This  is  one  of  the 
pleasantest  villages  in  Canada,  containing  about  two 
thousand  five  hundred  inhabitants,  and  was  named 
in  honor  of  General  Brock,  who  fell  at  Queenston 
Heights.  During  the  last  war,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Americans,  under  the  command  of  Major  Forsyth, 
who  was  afterward  killed  at  La  Cole.  Directly  op- 
posite is  the  village  of  Morristown  ;  the  first  settlers 
came  from  Morristown,  N.  J.,  and  named  their  new 
home  after  the  one  they  had  left.  The  river,  at  this 
point,  is  a  mile  and  a  half  wide,  and  we  here  take 
leave  of  the  "Thousand  Islands." 

The  appearance  of  the  soil  changes  very  suddenly, 
after  leaving  Morristown,  losing  its  rocky  character, 
and  becoming  susceptible  of  the  highest  cultivation. 
The  country,  on  the  Canadian  side,  is  much  better 
cultivated  than  on  the  American,  having  been  settled 
at  an  earlier  day.    Many  of  these  fine  farms  were  the 


o 
% 

m 

H 
H 

a 

o 

fl 

a 

M 

u> 

>■ 
■Ji 

a 
w 


Ill 

IIA 

of 
as 

the 

in 

na- 

the 

two 

led 

ton  . 

the 

TH, 

op- 
ers 
lew 
this 
ake 

ter, 
ion. 
iter 
led 
tho 


t 

•I 


^mtiW  li! 


I'! 


!i  \.  !!l  I 


111  I'  i 


I  ill 


iiiiiii 


I  i  r" 
I  i 


' ' 


'^'   i " 


iiii'-.ii 


■:'V:i;;i'.      , 


mMm 


111''!  I  ■  H'!'  '    '  '■'  ■'     ';  ■  lii"illiVl||l:H|ll^'■i'■,M'^i'Y■  '     '    l' 

111  !||:fcr^!;^:::.  I^fc^ 


iiiPi;iii:'i!iiiiii'!iiii!!ii! 


TORIES. 


99 


homes  of  Tories,  who  left  the  United  States  after  the 
Revolution.  One  of  these  was  a  brother  of  Bene- 
dict Arnold  ;  he  died  a  few  years  since,  and  there 
are  yet  some  of  his  descendants  residing  in  the  vi- 
cinity. Twelve  miles  below  Morristown,  is  the  port  of 
Ogdbnsburgh. 


IS. 


100 


OODENSBUROH. 


f 


I  "• 


OGDENSBURGH. 

The  first  settlement  is  believed  to  have  been  made 
m  1748.  Many  of  the  Iroquois  having  expressed 
their  willingness  to  embrace  Christianity,  the  Abb6 
Francois  Picquet,  who  was  afterward  styled  the 
"Apostle  of  the  Iroquois,"  was  selected  to  found  a 
mission  at  this  place.  Under  his  instructions,  a  fort 
was  built,  called  "  La  Prfsentation."  In  October, 
1749,  it  was  attacked  by  a  band  of  Indians,  believed 
to  be  Mohawks,  and  although  Sieur  De  Vassau,  then 
commanding  at  Fort  Frontenac,  had  sent  a  detach- 
ment of  troops  to  the  assistance  of  the  Abbe,  they 
could  not  prevent  the  destruction  of  two  vessels  and 
the  palisades  of  the  fort. 

This  fort  was  built  at  the  mouth  of  the  Oswegat- 
chie,  on  the  west  bank ;  and  some  remains  of  its  walls 
are  still  discernible.  The  corner  stone  is  in  the 
possession  of  a  gentleman  of  this  place,  and  has 
an  inscription  upon  it,  of  which  we  present  a  fac- 
Bimile,  on  page  99.     - 

After  the  defeat  of  Montcalm,  Abb^  Picquet,  see- 
ing the  fruits  of  his  long  and  laborious  life  about  to 


been  made 
y  expressed 
the  Abb6 
styled  the 
to  found  a 
ctions,  a  fort 
In  October, 
ians,  believed 
Vabsau,  then 
jnt  a  detach- 
i  Abbe,  they 
wo  vessels  and 

:  the  Oswegat- 
uns  of  its  walls 
tone  is  in  the 
jlace,   and  has 

L 

present  a  fac- 

i6  PicQUET,  see- 
as  life  about  to 


I 


FORT    LA    PRF     KNTATION. 


103 


# 


r 


pass  into  the  hands  of  tho 
English,  retired  from  La 
Presentation,  and  finally  re- 
turned to  France,  where  he 
died  in  1781.  In  the  Ab- 
ba's journal  he  describes  his 
fort  as  being  situated  on 
"  the  west  side  of  the  river 
De  La  Prkskntation.  The 
east  side  is  more  elevated, 
and  runs  by  a  gradual  in- 
clination into  an  amphithe- 
atre. A  beautiful  town 
could  hereafter  be  built 
here."  The  Abba's  predic- 
tion has  been  realized,  and 
the  village  of  Ogdensburgh 
now  stands  on  this  site. 

In  1812,  the  British  made 
an  unsuccessful  attack  upon  ^^ 

this  place.     In  February,  ^ 

1813,  another  attack   was  ^ 

made;  and  after  a  severe 

conflict,  the  Americans,  under  Major  Forsyth,  re- 
treated to  Black  Lake,  a  few  miles  distant.  The 
British  plundered  the  houses,  burnt  the  barracks,  and 
vessels,  and  boats,  and  attempted  to  bum  the  bridge 


w 

o 


n 


1) 


i' 


:\l 


104 


OODXNBBURUU. 


over  the  Oswegatcliio,  but  did  not  succucd,  on  ac^iint 
of  its  being  covered  with  snow  and  ice.  Among  the 
valuable  articles  lost  at  this  time,  were  two  long  twelve 
pounders,  won  by  General  Gates,  from  General  Bur- 
OOYNE,  at  Saratoga 

Ogdensburgh  is  now  a  flourishing  town,  and  has 
increased  very  rapidly  within  the  last  two  years.  The 
facilities  for  manufactures  are  very  considerable,  and 
within  a  few  years,  it  will,  no  doubt,  become  a  largo 
manufacturing  town.  Here  is  the  terminus  of  the 
Northern  Railroad,  running  to  Rouse's  Point,  on  Lake 
ChamT^i!!::;,  a  distance  of  one  hundred  and  eighteen 
miles,  and  there  connecting  with  the  railroads  to  Bos- 
ton and  Montreal.  This  is  one  of  the  best  constructed 
roads  in  the  United  States ;  and  the  order  in  which  it 
is  kept,  and  the  able  manner  in  which  ever}^thing  con- 
nected with  it  is  conducted,  is  highly  creditable  to  all 
concerned  in  its  management 

0  ,    ■  ^<* 


We  here  leave  the  beautiful  lake  steamers,  on 
which  we  have  thus  far  so  delightfully  journeyed,  and 
take  passage  on  a  smaller  one,  which  leaves  Ogdens- 
burgh in  the  morning,  and  runs  down  the  river,  over 
all  the  rapids,  directly  into  the  city  of  Montreal.  The 
size  of  these  steamers  is  necessarily  governed  by  the 
locks  through  which  they  are  obliged  to  pass  on  their 


on  account 
A.mong  the 
long  twelve 
encral  Bub- 

wn,  and  baa 
years.    The 
aderable,  and 
3ome  a  largo 
minus  of  the 
>oint,  on  Lake 
and  eighteen 
ilroads  to  Bos- 
est  constructed 
der  in  which  it 
verything  con- 
reditablo  tx)  all 


ce  steamers,  on 
y  journeyed,  and 
1  leaves  Ogdens- 
n  the  river,  over 
,f  Montreal.    The 
governed  by  the 
d  to  pass 


on  their 


""^a, 
,■>>*. 


THE    RAPIDS. 


109 


return  up  the  river.  Before  these  canals  were  con- 
structed, steamers  did  not  run  the  rapids,  as  they 
were  unable  to  ascend  against  the  current.  The  com- 
merce was  then  carried  on  by  batteaux,  (large  flat- 
boats,)  which,  on  their  return,  were  towed,  by  horses, 
around  the  rapidij. 

Parties  of  pleasure  often  chartered  these  boats, 
and,  laying  in  a  stock  of  provisions,  choice  wines,  &c., 
procured  a  company  of  boatmen,  and  proceeded  on 
their  way  down  the  river.  Day  light,  being  necessary 
to  run  the  rapids,  when  night  came,  they  would  go 
on  shore,  and  remain  till  morning,  and  then  resume 
their  journey,  sometimes  consuming  three  or  four  days 
on  the  trip.  The  silence  of  the  scene  pleasantly 
broken  by  the  songs  of  the  French  "  voyag-eurs,"  who 
enliven  their  toil  by  singing;  the  grandeur  cf  the  rap- 
ids;  the  antiquated  and  foreign  air  of  the  villages, 
rendered  these  excursions,  in  fine  weather,  exceeding- 
ly delightful.  This  passage  is  now  mide,  in  a  fine 
steamboat,  in  nine  hours. 

Directly  opposite  Ogdensburgh  is  the  Canadian 
village  of  Prescott.  Here  is  a  strong  fort  called 
after  the  Duke  of  Wellington.  About  a  mile  below 
the  village,  is  Windmill  Point,  of  which  the  accom- 
panying vignette  gives  a  correct  view. 

A  battle  was  fought  at  this  point  on  the  l.'Jth  of 
November,  1 838,  between  the  Canadian  "  Patriots," 


i 


110 


CHIMNEY   ISLAND. 


under  the  command  of  Von  Shultz,  a  Polish  exile, 
and  the  English  troops.  The  "  Patriots  "  landed  on 
the  12  th,  and  succeeded  in  estab^shing  themselves  in 
the  Windmill,  and  the  stone  houses  adjacent  After 
fighting  for  three  or  four  days,  a  few  made  their 
escape,  and  the  rest  surrendered.  The  buildings,  of 
which  the  walls  are  still  standing,  were  then  burnt. 

About  four  miles  distant  is  the  first  rapid  of  the 
St  Lawrence. 

In  the  midst  of  this  rapid  is  Chimney  Island  ;  so 
called  from  the  circumstance  that  several  chimneys 
are  still  standing  here  which  belonged  to  an  old 
French  fortification. 

The  islands  between  Ogdensburgh  and  Montreal, 
present  an  entirely  different  appearance  from  the 
thousand  islands,  the  soil  being  tillable,  and  many  of 
them  highly  cultivated. 

Eighteen  miles  below  Ogdensburgh,  we  pass  the 
village  of  Waddinoton.  Directly  in  front  of  it  is 
OoDEN  Island,  which  is  beautiful  and  finely  cultivated. 
Upon  it  is  the  residence  of  J.  Ooden,  Esq. 

Between  Ogdensburgh  and  Waddington  are  but 
two  rapids,  both  of  which  are  overcome  by  the  pas- 
senger steamers  in  ascending  the  river :  freight  steam- 
ers pass  through  the  canal.  The  steamer  stops  a  few 
moments  at  the  little  tillage  of  Williamsburgh,  on  the 
Canadian  side.    Just  below  this  place  is  Cryselbr's 


L  on 
is  in 
ifter 
heir 
I,  of 
irnt. 
the 

;  so 

leys 

old 

real, 
the 

f  of 

the 
it  is 
kted. 

but 
pas- 
sam- 
few 
the 
er's 


i 


;l 


I 


nl 


MASSENA   SPRINGS. 


113 


•4 

m 
a 

s 


'A 

09 
O 

H 


t 


Farm,  where  a  battle  was  fought  on  tlie  10th  Novem 
ber,  1813,  between  the  English  and  the  Americans 
commanded  by  General  Wilkison,  who,  at  that  time, 
was  descending  the  river  to  attack  Montreal ;  a  plan 
which  he  afterward  abandoned,  and  for  which  he  was 
severely  censured. 

The  boat  touches  at  a  wharf  in  the  town  of  Louis- 
ville, about  thirty  miles  below  Ogdensburgh,  from 
which  there  are  stages  to  Massena  Springs,  a  distance 
of  seven  miles.  These  springs  are  quite  celebrated 
for  the  cure  of  dyspeptics  and  those  afflicted  with 
cutaneous  disorders,  and  are  becoming  a  place  of 
great  resort. 

We  are  now  come  to  the  entrance  of  the  Long 
Sault.  This  is  a  rapid  of  nine  miles;  the  river  is 
divided,  by  an  island,  in  the  center ;  the  usual  passage 
of  the  steamers  is  on  the  south  side.  The  water  in 
this  channel  is  not  much  broken,  but  runs  with  great 
velocity,  and  the  passage  is  very  narrow;  it  is  said, 
that  a  raft  will  drift  the  nine  miles  in  forty  minutes. 
The  passage  on  the  north  of  the  island  is  called  the 
"Lost  Channel,"  a  name  given  to  it  from  the  fact  that 
for  many  years  it  was  believed  by  the  French  and 
English  boatmen,  that  if  a  batteau,  or  raft  accidentally 
drifted  into  it,  it  would  inevitably  be  lost.  Late 
examinations  have  been  made,  and  steamboats  now 


II 


h 


114 


ST.     U  E  G  I  ». 


descend  this  channel  in  perfect  safety;  thus  giving 
passengers  much  greater  pleasure,  as  the  scenery  is 
far  finer,  and  the  passage  of  these  rapids  much  more 
exciting  than  those  of  the  South  Channel. 

Cornwall  is  a  fine  town  situated  at  the  foot  of 
the  Long  Sault,  on  the  Canadian  side.  Here  vessels 
on  their  way  up  the  river  enter  the  Cornwall  canal, 
and  are  locked  up  above  the  rapids  just  described, 
coming  out  into  the  river  about  twelve  miles  above. 

A  little  below  Cornwall,  on  the  American  side  of 
the  river,  is  the  Indian  village  of  St.  Rbqis.  , 

The  45°  of  north  latitude,  the  boundary  line  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Canada,  passes  through 
the  center  of  this  village;  and  from  this  point  the 
course  of  the  St  Lawrence  is  entirely  within  her 
Majesty's  dominions. 

St  Regis  is  an  old  Indian  village,  and  contains  a 
Catholic  church,  built  about  the  year  1700.  When 
this  church  was  nearly  completed,  the  Indians  were 
informed  by  their  priests  that  a  bell  was  necessary  for 
their  worship,  and  they  were  ordered  to  collect  furs 
suflficient  to  purchase  one;  this  was  done,  and  the 
money  sent  to  France,  the  bell  bought  and  shipped  for 
Canada.  The  English  and  French  were  then  at  war, 
and  the  vessel  containing  the  bell  was  captured  by  an 
English  cruiser,  and  taken  into  Salem.  The  bell  was 
then  purchased  for  a  small  church  at  Decrfield,  ort  the 


LAKE     ST.    F  U  A  N  C  I  H. 


115 


Connecticut  river,  the  pastor  of  which  was  the  llcv. 
Mr.  Williams.  The  priest  of  St.  Regis  heard  of  the 
destination  of  liis  bell ;  and  tlie  Governor  of  Canada 
being  about  to  send  an  expedition  against  the  Now 
England  Colonies,  the  Indians  were  exhorted  to  get 
possession  of  their  bell.  The  Aillage  of  Deerfield  was 
attacked,  forty-seven  of  the  inhabitants  were  killed, 
and  one  hundred  and  twelve  taken  captive,  among 
whom  were  the  pastor  and  his  family.  The  bell  was 
taken  down  and  conveyed  to  the  spot  where  Burling- 
ton now  stands,  and  there  buried  till  spring,  when  it 
was  taken  up  and  conveyed  to  St.  Regis,  where  it  now 
hangs  in  their  church,  the  tin  roof  of  which  is  very 
distinctly  seen  from  the  steamer. 

St.  Regis  was  for  a  number  of  years  the  residence 
of  the  Rev.  Eleazer  Williams,  missionary  to  the  St, 
Regis  and  other  Indians  in  the  vicinity,  the  reputed 
lost  Dauphin  of  France. 

From  St  Regis  to  Coteau  du  Lac,  a  distance  cif 
forty  miles,  the  river  expands  very  much,  and  receives 
the  name  of  Lake  St.  Francis,  and  is  interspersed 
with  many  beautiful  islands.  On  the  northern  side 
of  this  lake,  about  midway,  is  situated  the  village  of 
Lancaster.  This  is  principally  a  Scotch  settlement. 
In  front  of  it,  on  a  small  island,  stands  a  large  "cairn," 
erected  in  honor  of  Sir  John  Colburn. 


I 

il 


II 

'1 


110 


COTKAU     DU     LAC. 


COTEAU   DU  LAC. 

The  CoTEAu  is  a  small  village  at  wliich  the  steamers 
make  a  short  stop.  It  bears  unmistakable  evidence  of 
its  French  origin,  not  only  in  its  name,  but  in  the  stylo 
of  its  buildings.  Travelers  discern  a  great  difference 
in  the  appearance  of  these  villages,  and  those  in  the 
Upper  Province.  The  former  are  clusters  of  steep- 
roofed  houses,  with  their  church  in  the  midst.  Along 
the  banks  of  the  river,  attention  is  often  attracted  by 
large  crosses  of  Avood,  surrounded  by  a  railing;  these 
are  erected  with  great  solemnity  under  the  supervision 
of  their  priests,  and  the  ground  enclosed  is  considered 
;is  consecrated. 

Just  below  the  village  are  the  Coteau  lUriDs. 
These  are  much  heavier  than  any  yet  passed.  There 
is  but  a  short  space  of  unbroken  water  between  them 
and  the  Cedars. 

This  is  a  little  village,  possessing  the  same  marks  of 
French  origin  as  the  Coteau.  It  was  in  the  Rapids 
of  the  Cedars  that  a  detachment  of  three  hundred 
men,  belonging  to  General  Amherst's  brigade,  on 
their  \va}'  to  attack  Moiilre.tl,  were  lost.     This  was 


H 

H 
*■ 
K 
H 
(9 

e 
n 

o 

o 

H 

a 
n 

o 
o 

H 

K 
> 
G 

O 

q 

> 


M 


I 


MILITARY   WOUKS. 


110 


owing  to  the  ignorance  and  unskillfulness  of  thoii 
pilots;  and  many  of  tlic  bodies  floated  ^)ast  Mon- 
treal, ginng  the  French  tht:  first  intcljj;/ence  of  their 
being  on  the  river. 

During  the  Revolution,  the  Americans  constructed 
some  military  works  at  this  point,  and  it  was  gnni- 
soncd  by  about  five  hundred  continental  troops,  under 
the  command  of  Colonel  Bedell.  An  expedition 
was  fitted  out  from  Oswegntchie,  under  the  command 
of  Captain  Forster,  and  attended  by  a  large  number 
of  Indians,  led  by  Tiiaybndeneoa,  to  captu»*e  this 
place.  Colonel  Bedell,  hearing  of  their  approach, 
went  to  Montreal  to  demand  assistance  of  General 
Arnold,  who  was  then  in  command,  leaving  th'^  fort 
at  the  Cedars  in  the  charge  of  Major  Butterfield. 
Two  days  after,  the  enemy  made  their  appearance 
and  commenced  an  attack.  Not  having  any  artillery, 
they  made  but  little  impression  upon  the  works ;  and 
at  the  end  of  two  days,  only  one  man  was  wounded ; 
"yet,  Major  Butterfield,  intimidated  by  the  threat, 
that  if  any  Indians  were  killed,  it  would  be  out  of  the 
power  of  Captain  Forster  to  restrain  them  from  a 
massacre,  capitulated.  The  next  day.  Major  Sher- 
BUNB,  who  had  been  dispatch(?d  by  General  Arnow), 
to  the  assistance  of  the  Americans,  approached,  with- 
out hearing  that  Major  Butterfield  had  surrendered. 
When  within  four  miles  of  the  Cedars,  he  was  attacked 


\l 


! 


I 


120 


TUE    RAPID  S. 


by  a  party  of  Indians,  and,  after  a  fight  of  an  hour, 
he  also  surrendered. 

Arnold,  hearing  of  these  misfortunes,  marched 
ao-ainst  the  enemy,  then  at  Vaudkiel,  intending  to 
attack  them,  and  recover  the  American  prisoners. 
**  When  preparing  for  the  engagement,  lie  received  a 
flag,  accompanied  by  Major  Seieubune,  giving  him  the 
most  positive  assurances  that  if  he  made  an  attack,  it 
would  bp  out  of  the  power  of  Captain  Fouster  to 
prevent  the  savages,  according  to  their  custom,  from 
disincumbering  themselves  of  their  prisoners,  by  put- 
ting; them  all  to  death.  Under  the  influence  of  this 
threat,  Arnold  desisted  from  his  purpose,"  and  suc- 
ceeded in  effecting  an  exchange  of  prisoners,  on  the 
Americans  agreeing  to  return  immediately  to  their 
homes. 

A  passage  through  this  scries  of  rapids  is  Aery  ex- 
citing, even  to  those  who  have  been  over  them  many 
times.  There  is  a  peculiar  motion  to  the  vessel,  in 
descending  them,  and  you  can  feel  her  settling  down, 
as  she  glides  from  one  ledge  to  an()thei-.  On  passing 
the  rapids  of  the  Split  Rock,  a  jierson  unac({uainted 
with  the  navigation  of  these  ra})iJs,  will  almost  invol- 
untarily hold  his  breath,  till  this  ledge  of  rocks,  whicli, 
from  the  shallowness  and  transparency  of  the  water, 
is  distinctly  seen  from  the  deck  of  the  steamer,  is 
passed;  she  seems  to  be  running  directly  upon  it,  and 


r-t 

H 


^ 
i 


o 


> 

-J 


I 


3 


2. 


ex- 


:i!iy 


in 


)WI1, 


ntir 


\Wd 


1- 


ivo 


UCll. 


iter, 


Ir,  IS 

md 


THE    RAPIDS. 


123 


you  feel  certain  that  she  will  strike;  but  a  skillful 
hand  is  at  the  helm, — an  instant  more,  and  it  is  passed 
m  safety. 

Beauiiarnats  is  a  small  village  at  the  foot  of  the 
cascades,  on  the  south  bank  of  the  river.  Vessels 
here  enter  the  lieauharnais  Canal,  which,  in  the  dis- 
tf^nce  of  fourteen  miles,  takes  them  around  the  rapids 
of  the  Cascades,  Cedars,  and  Coteau,  into  lake  St. 
Francis.  On  the  north  bank,  a  branch  of  the  Ottawa 
enters  the  St.  Lawrence.  Tlie  water  of  this  river  is 
very  dark  colored,  and  does  not  readily  mix  with  that 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  which  is  very  pure,  and  the  line 
of  distinction  between  them  can  be  traced  for  a  con- 
siderable distance.  The  river  ao-ain  widens  into  a 
lake,  called  St.  Louis,  and  a  view  is  now  had  of 
Montreal  mountain,  nearly  thirty  miles  distant. 

In  passing  through  this  lake,  on  the  riglit  is  Nun's 
Island,  which  is  beautifully  cultivated,  and  belongs  to 
the  Grey  Nunnery,  at  Montreal.  It  is  easily  distin- 
guished by  a  long  mound,  having  the  appearance  of 
being  artificial,  upon  the  south  end  of  which,  an  im- 
mense cross  is  erected.  There  are  many  islands  in 
the  vicinity  of  Montreal,  belonging  to  the  nunneries, 
and  from  which  they  derive  large  revenues.  After 
passing  lake  St  Louis,  wo  arrive  at  the  little  village  of 
Laciiine. 

1'he  orii'-iii  of  this  name  is  said  to  have  been  from 


124 


0  A  U  G II N  A  W  A  G  A. 


the  following  incident:  When  the  French  fii-st  as- 
cended the  river,  and  arrived  at  this  place,  the  open 
expanse  of  lake  St.  Louis  being  before  them,  led  them 
to  believe  that  the  way  to  China  was  open  to  them, 
and  the  exclamation  accordingly  was,  "  La  Chine !  la 
Chine ! "  At  this  place,  M.  De  La  Salle  once  estab- 
lished himself  as  a  fur-trader. 

From  this  point  is  a  railroad  running  to  Montreal,  a 
distance  of  nine  miles.  This  is  also  the  terminus  of 
the  Lachine  Canal,  by  which  vessels  avoid  the  Lachine 
rapids. 

Here,  too,  is  the  residence  of  Sir  George  Simpson, 
Governor  of  the  "Hudson  Bay  Company,"  and  dis- 
tinguished as  a  traveler,  by  his  "  voyage  round  the 
world." 

On  the  south  bank  of  the  river,  just  before  en- 
tering the  Lachine  rapids,  is  the  Indian  village  of 
Caughnawaga. 

This  town  was  built  in  1671,  by  Indians,  who  had 
been  converted  by  the  Jesuits,  and  were  called  "pray- 
ing Indians,"  or  Caughnawagas.  These  Indians,  du- 
ring the  French  wars,  were  often  engaged  in  predatory 
incursions  upon  their  neighbors  in  the  New  England 
provinces.  On  one  of  these  excursions,  they  took 
possession  of  a  church-bell,  and  carried  it  on  poles,  on 
their  shoulders,  through  the  woods,  to  their  village  * 
and  this  bell  now  hangs  in  their  church. 


V 


.LA    PKAIUIE. 


125 


The  Luchiiie  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  of  the 
mpids.  The  water  is  very  turbulent,  and  the  current 
very  swift.  After  passing-  this  rapid,  we  s«e,  on  the 
left,  another  island,  belonging  to  the  nuns.  We  also 
pass  the  little  village  of  La  Prairie.  From  this  part 
of  the  river,  a  line  ^•iew  is  had  of  the  mountain  and 
city  of  Montreal. 


126 


MONTREAL. 


• 


MONTREAL. 

When  Jacques  Cartikr  first  ascended  the  St.  Law- 
rence, in  1535,  he  found,  at  this  place,  a  largo  Indian 
village,  called  Hochelaga. 

In  1540,  Francis  de  la  Roque  and  Seioneur 
De  Roberville,  visited  this  place  with  an  expedition, 
intending  to  make  a  permanent  settlement ;  their  ex- 
pectations not  being  realized,  at  the  end  of  the  year 
they  returned  to  France.  There  now  seems  to  have 
been  a  lapse  of  over  fifty  years  in  the  French  disco>'- 
eries  in  Canada. 

Ciiamplain  visited  the  country  in  1603.  In  1640, 
the  converted  Indians  began  to  make  Montreal  their 
home;  and  in  1647,  a  grand  mass  and  festival  was 
celebrated. 

In  consequence  of  a  quarrel  between  the  French 
and  some  of  the  Indian  tribes,  a  large  body  of  the 
Five  Nations,  on  the  26th  of  July,  1688,  landed  on 
the  island  of  Montreal,  and,  while  the  French  imag- 
ined themselves  in  perfect  security,  burnt  their  houses, 
and  massacred  men,  women,  and  children.  In  a  histor}' 
of  the  province  of  New  York,  it  is  stated,  that  "a  thou- 
sand French  were  slain  in  this  invasion,  and  twenty-six 


5t.  LilW- 

5  Indian 

eigneur 
edition, 
loir  ex- 
le  3'ear 
to  have 
disco>'- 

1640, 
1  their 
al  was  t 

Vench 
3f  the 
3d  on 
imaof- 
Duses, 
istory 
thou- 
^y-siY 


1  iit 


MONTREAL. 


120 


,-V:'':fi| 


i|f;;,,ii|:,:ir;'!N 


.■l"'i'  I'.l  1'  l' 


were  carried  into  captivity  and  burned  alive.  Many 
more  were  made  prisoners  in  another  attack,  in  Octo- 
ber. Only  three  of  the  confederate  Indians  were  lost 
in  a^  this  scene  of  misery  and  desolation." 

In  1090,  Count  Frontenac  left  Montreal,  with  a 
force  of  one  thousand  French  and  two  thousand  In- 
dians, on  an  expedition  against  the  Onondaoas.  He 
succeeded  in  destroying  many  of  their  villages,  and 
then  returned  to  Montreal. 

This  was  the  headquarters  whence  issued  so  many 
parties  of  French  and  Indians,  who  continued  their 
attacks  upon  the  English,  till  the  conquest  of  Canada. 
After  the  peace  of  17C3,  it  was  surrendered  to  the 
English,  and  French  sovereignty  ceased  upon  tliis  con- 
tinent In  1775,  Montreal  was  surrendered  to  tluj 
Americans,  under  General  Montgomery,  and  the 
English  general,  Carleton,  retreated  to  Quebec. 

Montreal  being  the  headquarters  of  -the  fur-traders, 
here  these  adventurous  navigators  took  in  a  cargo  of 
goods  suited  to  the  Indian  taste,  and  sot  forth  on 
their  voyage  up  the  Ottawa,  into  the  midst  of  a 
wilderness.  The  idea  of  Moore's  well  known  "  Can- 
adian Boat  Sono' "  orioinated  from  the  fact  of  thcstj 
parties  stopping  at  St.  Ann's,  the  last  church  on  the 
island,  and  imploring  the  protection  of  their  tutelar 
saint.  These  expeditions  would  be  absent  a  year, 
sometimes   two,  and   even   three   years,  and   would 


TjlJ 

i  3 


Jill 


i 

1 

1 

\  1 
}  i 

:i 

' 

r 

■; 

i 

i 

130 


FUU    COMPANY. 


return  freighted  with  the  ricli  furs  of  the  west  In 
the  "  palmy  days  "  of  the  Fur  Company,  the  return 
of  these  parti<^s  to  Montreal  presented  an  exciting 
scene.  Pleasure  and  revelry  took  the  place  of  lqJ)or 
and  watchfulness;  and,  in  a  short  time,  the  fruits  of 
their  toil  being  dissipated,  they  were  ready  again  to 
go  forth  upon  an  expedition  so  fraught  with  danger, 
difliculty,  and  privations. 

Mr.  McTavisii,  an  influential  member  of  this  com- 
pany, was  the  person  to  whom  the  little  colony  of 
Astoria  —  founded  by  John  Jacob  Astor  —  on  the 
banks  of  the  Columbia,  was  surrendered  by  the  Amer- 
icans, in  1812.  His  former  residence,  now  entirely 
deserted,  and  enjoying  the  reputation  of  a  "  haunted 
house,"  is  situated  on  the  road  running  around  the 
mountain ;  and  his  grave  is  in  the  woods,  a  short  dis- 
tance up  the  mountain,  and  a  small  monument  is  there 
erected  to  his  memory.  --■   ' 

The  quays  of  Montreal  are  the  finest  on  this  conti- 
nent, and  equal  to  any  in  the  old  world;  they  are 
constructed  of  solid  masonry  in  cut  stone,  and  are 
about  a  mile  in  length.  ;  •  »•. 

A  few  years  ago,  Montreal  was  deficient  in  hotels, 
and  visitors  found  much  inconvenience  from  this  cause. 
This  has  been  thoroughly  remedied,  and  the  city  now 
abounds  in  fine  ones,  where  every  comfort  can  be  found. 

No  one  should  omit  a  ride  round  the  mountain; 


MONTREAL. 


131 


this  is  over  a  fine  McAdamized  road,  and  passes  many 
delightful  residences.  From  the  mountain,  the  view 
of  the  city  of  Montreal,  with  its  immense  cathedral, 
the  St.  Lawrence  with  its  islands,  and  the  distant 
mountain  scenery,  form  a  picture  worthy  the  pencil 
of  a  true  artist 

The  streets  in  the  old  part  of  Montreal  are  very 
narrow,  and,  even  in  some  of  the  principal  ones,  the 
stranger  finds  himself  wondering  when  he  shall  get 
out  of  the  lanes  and  by-ways,  and  emerge  into  the 
street  The  houses  being  very  high,  seem  to  render 
them  still  more  narrow.  The  new  part  of  the  city 
has  been  laid  out  in  the  modern  style,  with  wide 
streets,  and  is  w^ll  built 

The  Cathedral  of  Montreal  is  an  immense  building, 
capable  of  holding  fifteen  thousand  pei-sons.  It  is 
built  of  granite,  and  the  exterior  is  very  imposing; 
but  the  interior  is  not  finished  in  a  corresponding 
style,  the  pillars  being  imitation  marble. 

Near  the  cathedral  is  the  "Black  Nunnery."  Visitors 
are  not  allowed  to  go  forther  than  the  Hospital ;  they 
nowever  can  obtain  admission  into  the  "Grey  Nunnery," 
jituated  a  few  streets  nearer  the  river;  this  is  inter- 
isting  to  a  stranger.  No  regular  charge  is  made  for 
jhowins  visitors  throuoh  the  establishment;  but  it  is 
expected  they  will  purchase  some  of  the  little  fancy 
articles  made  by  the  inmates.        ;  • 


'•I 


m 


i 


!| 


i 


I-! 


;  .'1 

i  .1 


'i    M 

fiii 


'!  i 


132 


nelson's  monument. 


Tlie  Bishop's  Church,  at  the  distance  of  a  short  ride 
from  the  cathedral,  is  a  liandsome  edifice,  and  contains 
many  paintings.  Tiie  convent  of  the  Sisters  of  Char- 
ity is  at  this  place,  and  visitors,  except  on  certain  days, 
are  allowed  an  entrance. 

A  monument,  erected  to  the  memory  of  Lord  Nel- 
son, stands  on  Notre  Dame  street,  on  the  square 
opposite  the  entrance  to  the  Place  d'Armes. 

Opposite  the  lower  part  of  the  city  is  the  island  of 
St.  Helen  ;  the  upper  end  of  this  is  crowned  by  a  fine 
grove  of  for(!st  trees,  and  on  the  lower  end  is  a  strong 
fortification,  commanding  the  passage  of  the  river. 

The  Quebec  steamers  usually  leave  in  the  evening 
making  the  passage  each  way  in  the  night  They, 
however,  leave  each  end  of  the  route  so  early,  that 
passengers  have  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the  most 
interesting  points  on  the  river.  •  .'-v=^ 

A  small  rapid,  called  St.  Marys,  is  just  below  St 
Helen's  island,  which,  though  it  occasions  no  incon- 
venience to  steamers,  often  retards  sail  vessels  in 
ascendinof. 

William  Henry,  or  Sorel,  forty -five  miles  below 
Montreal,  stands  on  the  site  of  an  old  fort,  built  in 
1665.  In  May,  1776,  the  fort  at  this  place  was  taken 
and  occiVpied  by  a  body  of  Americans,  on  their  retreat 
from  Quebec,  after  the  death  of  Montgomery.  ' 

hake  St.  Peter  is  fifty  miles  below  Montreal.    The 


TIIUEB    RIVERS. 


133 


river  here  expands  to  twelve  or  fifteen  miles  in  breadth, 
for  twenty-five  miles. 

Three  Rivers,  half  way  between  Montreal  and 
Quebec,  is  situated  )n  the  north  sido  of  the  St.  Law 
rcncc.  This  is  an  old  town,  having  been  erected  b} 
the  French  in  1018. 


r 

1" 

! 

n 

> 

, 

i    ■ 

■ 

i'   1 

1 1. 

i-  ■ 
1, 

.1  ,! 


134 


QUEBEC. 


QUEBEC. 

In  1535,  C ARTIER  took  solemn  possession  of  the 
country  at  this  point,  by  erecting  a  cross,  decorated 
with  a  sliield  bearino-  the  lilies  of  France,  whither  ho 
then  sailed.  In  1541,  he  returned,  and  built  a  fort 
on  the  present  site  of  Quebec. 

The  city  of  Quebec  was  founded  by  Samuel  Cham- 
plain,  in  1608.  In  1622,  the  population  was  reduced 
to  fifty  souls.  At  this  time,  a  company  was  formed 
in  the  mother  country,  called  the  "  Company  of  New 
France."  The  object  of  this  company  was  the  con- 
version of  the  Indians,  by  the  aid  of  the  Jesuits ;  the 
extension  of  the  fur  trade ;  and  to  find  a  short  passage 
to  China  and  the  East  Indies,  through  the  rivers  and 
lakes  of  !New  France.  The  king  presented  this  com- 
pany with  two  ships,  on  condition  tljat  the  value  of 
them  should  be  refunded,  if,  within  ten  years,  fifteen 
hundred  French  inhabitants  were  not  transported  to 
the  country.  For  the  first  few  years,  this  colony  suf- 
fered severely  from  the  hostility  of  the  Iroquois. 

In  1629,  Sir  David  Keith,  in  the  employ  of  the 
British  crown,  sailed  up  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  made 
the  conqu«t  of  Quebec.     The  treaty  of  St.  Germain, 


n 


f. 
O 


O 
'A 

O 

o 


>■ 

X 

& 

B 
M 
V. 

a 

o 

c 


of  the 
jcorated 
ither  he 
t  a  fort 

.  Cham- 
reduced 
formed 
of  New- 
he  con- 
its;  the 
passage 
ers  and 
lis  com- 
alue  of 
,  fifteen 
»rted  to 
my  suf- 

)IS. 

'  of  the 
i  made 
ermain, 


1 


QUEBEC. 


137 


"i 


concluded  soon  after,  restored  to  France,  Quebec  and 
her  other  American  possessions. 

From  this  time  till  1697,  history  furnishes  us  with 
records  of  Indian  fights,  and  barbarities  perpetrated 
upon  each  other  by  the  French  and  English.  The 
Indians,  with  their  usual  policy,  determined  to  take 
part  permanently  with  neither  party,  and  accordingly 
extended  their  aid  to  one  or  the  other,  as  caprice  or 
inclination  dictated. 

In  June,  1759,  the  English  army,  under  General 
Wolfe,  landed  upon  the  island  of  Orleans.  He  then 
took  possession  of  Point  Levi,  on  the  southern  bank 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  erected  several  heavy  bat- 
teries, bearing  directly  upon  the  town.  By  these,  sev- 
eral houses  were  burned :  but  not  much  impression 
was  made  upon  the  fortifications,  they  being  so  strong, 
and  the  distance  so  great.  General  Wolfe  became 
sensible  that  there  were  no  hopes  of  success,  unless 
he  could  erect  batteries  on  the  north  shore  of  the 
river.  He  attempted  to  capture  the  entrenchments 
at  Montmorenci,  and  succeeded  in  landing  his  troops 
under  cover  of  the  fire  from  liis  ships,  but  was  gal- 
lantly repulsed  by  the  French.  He  then  determined 
to  cariy  the  Heights  of  Abraham. 

On  the  12th  of  September,  the  ships  sailed  nine 
miles  up  the  river  to  Cape  Rouge  ;  this  deceived  the 
French,  and  a  large  detachment  was  sent  up  the  river 


138 


Q  U  E  n  B  c. 


I 


i-.; 


to  prevent  their  landing.  In  the  mean  time,  the  ships 
had  dropped  down  the  river  to  Wolfe's  Cove,  and  at 
four  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  troops  began  to  land. 

The  Marquis  Db  Montcalm,  hearing  the  English 
had  landed  on  the  Plains  of  Abraham,  and  believing 
it  impossible  to  be  accomplished  by  the  whole  army, 
supposed  it  was  merely  a  stratagem  to  draw  him  from 
his  strong  position  at  Montmorenci.  Finding  that 
i*-  was  really  the  case,  he  crossed  the  St.  Charles, 
and  formed  his  army  for  battle.  There  were  about 
fifteen  hundred  militia  and  Indians  sheltered  in  some 
bushes,  who  poured  a  destructive  fire  upon  the  Eng- 
lish. "  Montcalm  had  taken  post  on  the  left  of  the 
French  army,  and  Wolfe  upon  the  right  of  the  Eng- 
lifih,  so  that  the  two  generals  met  at  the  head  of  their 
respective  troops." 

Soon  after  the  commencement  of  the  battle,  Wolfe 
received  a  wound  in  the  wrist;  this  he  concealed. 
Shortly  after,  he  received  another  in  the  groin ;  this 
too  was  concealed,  and  he  was  advancing  at  the  head 
of  his  grenadiers  when  a  third  bullet  entered  his 
breast  "Though  expiring,  it  was  with  reluctance 
he  permitted  himself  to  be  conveyed  into  the  rear, 
where,  careless  of  himself,  he  discovered  in  the  ago- 
nies of  death,  the  most  anxious  solicitude  concerning 
the  fate  of  the  day.  Being  told  that  the  enemy  was 
visibly  broken,  he  reclined  his  head,  from  extreme 


DEATH    OF   WOLFE. 


139 


fjiintness,  on  the  arm  of  an  officer  standing  near  him, 
but  was  soon  aroused  with  the  distant  sound  of  "  They 
fly,  they  fly."  "  Who  fly  ? "  asked  the  dying  liero. 
On  being  answered,  the  French,  "  Then,"  said  he,  "  I 
depart  content,"  and  almost  immediately  expired. 

Less  fortunate,  but«  not  less  gloriously,  expired  the 
gallant  Montcalm.  About  the  same  time  he  received 
a  wound,  and  on  being  told  that  it  was  mortal,  and 
that  but  a  few  hours  of  life  remained  to  him,  he 
expressed  the  greatest  satisfaction,  and  exclaimed,  "So 
much  the  better !  I  shall  not  live  to  see  the  surrender 
of  Quebec." 

After  the  loss  of  General  Wolfe,  the  battle  was 
continued  by  General  Monckton;  and,  upon  his  be- 
ing wounded,  tlie  command  devolved  upon  General 
TowNSHEND.  The  French  soon  after  were  driven 
from  the  ground. 

General  Townshend,  after  the  battle,  employed 
himself  in  making  preparations  for  the  siege  of  Quebec, 
but,  before  his  batteries  were  opened,  the  town  capit- 
ulated. A  force  of  five  thousand  men,  under  General 
Murray,  were  left  to  garrison  the  fort,  and  the  fleet 
sailed  out  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

In  1760,  the  French  made  preparations  to  besiege 
Quebec,  and  a  battle  had  already  taken  place,  when  a 
large  English  fleet  arrived,  and  the  French  retreated 
to  Montreal.    Thus  ended  this  eventful  war. 


m 


I  ^' 


140 


ATTACK    ON    QUBBEO. 


The  body  of  General  Wolfe  was  taken  to  England, 
That  of  the  Marquis  Montcalm  was  interred  in  the 
chapel  in  the  Ursuline  Convent.  A  simple  monument 
\Yas  erected  bearing  the  following  inscription : 

HONNEUR  A  MONTCALM. 

LR  DESTIN  EN  LCI  Dl^ROBANT  LA  VICTOIUE 

LA  RECOMPENSE  PAR  UNE  MORT  QMRIEDSE. 

A  monument  is  erected  to  the  memory  of  both 
these  heroes,  in  a  pleasant  place  called  Governor's 
Garden. 

In  1775,  General  Washington  hearing  that  a  large 
portion  of  the  English  army  was  concentrated  about 
Montreal,  projected  an  attack  against  Quebec;  and  in 
Order  to  accomplish  this  he  determined  to  send  a 
body  of  men  to  reinforce  General  Montgomery,  then 
at  Montreal.  Their  route  was  to  ascend  the  Kenebec, 
and  strike  across  to  the  Dead  river,  and  follow  this 
stream  till  they  could  again  cross  the  forest  and  reach 
the  headwaters  of  the  Chaudiere,  emptying  into  the 
St.  Lawrence.  So  great  were  the  delays  in  starting, 
owing  to  the  derangements  in  the  army,  that  they 
did  not  commence  their  march  till  the  middle  of 
September.  The  command  of  the  troops  was  given 
to  General  Arnold.  The  impediments  were  such 
that  he  did  not  reach  Point   Levi  till  the  9th  of 


t      III     ! 


ATTACK   ON   QUEBEC. 


141 


November.  The  town  was  almost  without  a  garrison, 
and  the  inhabitants  would  as  soon  have  expected 
to  see  an  army  descend  from  the  clouds,  as  to  emerge 
from  the  wilderness  through  which  they  had  just  made 
their  way.  Could  Arnold  have  immediately  crossed 
the  St.  Lawrence  he  would  have  easily  obtained  pos- 
session of  the  town,  but  a  violent  storm  was  prevailing, 
and  before  this  abated,  and  a  sufficient  number  of 
boats  could  be  collected,  the  garrison  was  strongly 
reinforced. 

On  the  12th  the  wind  moderated  and  Arnold 
embarked,  and  after  infinite  difficulty  and  danger, 
landed  with  his  little  army  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
above  where  Wolfe  had  disembarked.  Finding  the 
cliffs  at  this  point  impracticable,  he  marched  down  the 
river  to  Wolfe's  Cove.  Ascending  the  precipice  up 
which,  sixteen  years  before,  Wolfe  and  his  brave 
followers  had  clambered,  he  formed  his  small  corps  on 
the  Heights  of  Abraham. 

Arnold  proposed  to  march  inimediately  against 
Quebec,  in  hopes  of  finding  some  one  of  the  gates 
open;  this  opinion  was  overruled,  the  expectation  of 
finding  the  garrison  off  its  guard  being  deemed  too 
improbable  to  be  calculated  upon.  It  was  afterward 
found  that  the  gate  called  St  Johns  was  very  slightly 
guarded,  and  could  easily  have  been  entered.  Arnold 
concluded  at  last,  to  retire  to  Point  au  Trembles, 


I;,  i 


1 1 

i 


H: 


3  ¥ 


142 


DEATH    OF   MONTGOMERY. 


and  await  tlic  arrival  of  Montgomery.  The  latter 
having  clothed  his  almost  naked  troops  in  Montreal, 
and  procured  clothes  for  those  in  Arnold's  command, 
garrisoned  the  place,  and  proceeded  to  Point  au  Trem- 
bles, and  joining  Arnold,  marched  to  Quebec. 

It  was  now  in  the  depth  of  a  Canadian  winter,  and 
the  hardships  which  the  troops  were  obliged  to  un- 
dergo, were  excessive ;  but  they  were  supported  with 
the  utmost  patience  and  firmness. 

General  Montgomery  determined  to  make  an  at- 
tack; and  accordingly,  on  the  31st  of  December,  the 
signal  was  given,  and  the  troops  moved  forward  to 
the  assault  Montgomery  advanced,  at  the  head  of 
the  New  York  troops,  along  the  St.  Lawrence,  under 
Cape  Diamond.  Along  this  narrow  path  the  Amer- 
icans pressed  forward  until  they  reached  a  block- 
house and  picket.  The  general,  with  his  own  hands, 
assisted  in  cutting  down  and  pulling  up  the  pickets, 
to  open  a  passage  for  his  troops.  He  now  found  it 
absolutely  necessary  to  make  a  halt,  and  collect  a  force 
with  which  he  might  venture  to  proceed.  Having 
reassembled  about  two  hundred  men,  he  advanced 
boldly  and  rapidly  at  their  head  to  force  the  barrier 
One  or  two  persons  had  now  returned  to  the  deserted 
battery,  and  one  of  them,  seizing  a  match,  discharged 
one  of  the  guns  when  the  American  force  wfis  distant 
about  forty  paces.     This  single  and  accidental  fire 


ATTACK   ON    QUEBEC. 


143 


was  u  fatal  one.  General  Montgomery,  Captains 
McPuERSoN  and  Chkeseman,  the  former  the  aid  to 
tlie  general,  and  his  orderly  sergeant,  were  killed  on 
the  spot  The  loss  of  their  general,  discouraged  tluj 
troops,  and  they  precipitately  retired  from  the  action. 

The  division  of  Arnold  moved  along  the  street  St. 
Roque.  The  path  was  so  narrow,  from  the  works  of 
the  enemy,  and  the  blocks  of  ice  thrown  from  the  St. 
Charles,  that  the  two  pieces  of  artillery  in  front  were 
capable  of  raking  the  whole  ground.  As  Arnold 
approached  the  barrier,  he  received  a  musket  ball  in 
the  leg,  which  shattered  the  bone,  and  he  was  carried 
to  the  hospital.  Colonel  Morgan  then  rushed  for- 
ward, at  the  head  of  his  company,  and  endeavored  to 
capture  the  barrier.  After  a  severe  contest  he  found 
tliey  were  unable  to  cope  with  the  numbers  of  the 
enemy,  and  they  surrendered  themselves  prisoncM's. 

The  Americans,  under  Arnold,  retired  about  three 
miles  from  the  city,  and  there  remained  througjj  tlie 
winter.  In  the  spring,  Arnold  retired  to  Montreal, 
and  General  Thomas  took  the  command.  In  May  a 
British  fleet  arrived,  and  General  Thomas  retreated 
up  the  river,  leaving  many  of  his  sick  to  fall  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy.  Thus  ended  this,  as  it  has  since 
proved,  last  attempt  to  capture  Quebec. 

This  city  is  very  interesting  to  a  stranger ;  it  is  the 

only  walled  city  in  the   Canadas,  and  one  feela  on 
6* 


I 


t 


■ilf 


if 


:i 


144 


FALL   OF   MONTMOKENOI. 


passing  the  gateways,  and  being  shut  in  by  the  pon- 
derous gates,  as  though  he  were  entering  some  sort 
of  prison.     There  are  five  of  these  gates. 

Cape  Diamond,  upon  which  the  citadel  stands,  is 
three  hundred  and  forty-five  feet  in  height,  and  derives 
its  name  from  the  quantity  of  crystals  mixed  willi  the 
granite  below  its  surface.  The  fortress  includes  the 
whole  space  on  the  cape. 

Above  the  spot  where  General  Montgomery  was 
killed,  is  now  the  inclined  plane,  running  to  the  top  of 
the  bank ;  it  is  five  hundred  feet  long,  and  is  used  by 
the  o'overnment  to  convex  stores,  and  other  articles 
of  great  weight,  to  the  fortress.  Strangers  are  allowed 
to  enter  this  fortress,  by  procuring  tickets  from  the 
proper  authorities. 

A  ride  to  the  Plains  of  Abraham  is  one  of  the 
most  interesting  visits  about  this  celebrated  city;  a 
rock  is  there  pointed  out,  as  the  spot  where  General 
Wolfe  expired.  There  are  four  martello  towers, 
forty  feet  in  height,  standing  upon  the  plain,  about 
half  a  mile  in  advance  of  the  other  fortifications. 

Seven  miles  below  Quebec  is  the  Fall  of  Montmo- 
KENci.  The  road  is  very  pletisant,  passing  through 
the  French  village  of  BEAiypoRT.  Those  who  expect 
to  see  a  second  Niagara,  will  be  very  much  disap 
pointed.  The  stream  descends,  in  silvery  threads, 
over  I  precipice  two  hurtlred  and  forty  feet  in  height, 


the  pon- 
)me  sort 

^iinds,  18 
1  derives 
widi  the 
ides  the 

SRY  was 
3  top  of 
used  by 
articles 
allowed 
•om  the 

of  the 
city;  a 
General 
towers, 
,  about 

5. 
ONTMO- 

hrough 

expect 

disa}) 

breads, 

heidil, 


CASTLE   ST.   LOUIS. 


145 


and,  in  connection  with  the  surroundmg  scenery,  is 
extremely  picturesque  and  beautiful,  but  inspires  nono 
of  the  awe  felt  at  Niagara. 

The  French  (Catholic)  Church  is  a  spacious  stone 
building,  and  the  interior  is  decorated  with  some  fine 
paintings.  Since  the  destruction  of  the  Convent  at 
Charlestown,  Mass.,  Americans  are  not  allowed  en- 
trance to  the  Ursuhne  Convent.  It  is  the  more  to  bo 
regretted,  from  the  fact  that  the  grave  of  Montcalm 
is  in  their  chapel. 

Castle  St.  Louis,  probably  the  first  public  building 
in  Quebec,  the  corner  stone  of  which  was  laid  by 
CnAMPLAiN,  on  the  6th  of  May,  1624,  was  destroyed 
by  fire  on  the  2,;d  of  January,  183  i.  By  the  orders 
of  Lord  Durham,  the  site  of  this  ca^tlo  was  cleared  of 
the  ruins  that  covered  it,  leveled,  pnd  floored  with 
wood,  and  an  iron  railing  placed  on  the  edge  of  the 
precipice,  making  a  very  delightful  promenade.  The 
view  from  it  commands  the  lower  town,  the  St  Law- 
rence as  far  down  as  the  island  of  Orleans,  the  liarboi 
with  its  ships,  and  Point  Levi  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river. 


f 


i^ 


UJ 


ROUTE    K  U  0  M    (j  U  E  U  K  C. 


ROUTE  FROM  QUEBEC  TO  THE  SAGUENAY. 

This  route  lias,  until  a  year  or  two  since,  been  but 
little  known  to  the  public ;  it  has  now  become  a  very 
favorite  excursion,  and  steamers  run  regularly  from 
Montreal  and  Quebec,  making  the  trip  in  about  four 
days. 

The  scenery  upon  the  St.  Lawrence  below  Quebec 
is  very  much  diversified.  Upon  one  side  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  is  the  pretty  village  of  St.  Levi,  on  the 
other  CiiARLESBOURGii,  Lorette,  St.  Ambroise,  the 
St.  Charles  river,  and  the  long  line  of  houses  com- 
prising the  village  of  Beauport.  From  the  river, 
vou  have  a  fine  view  of  the  Falls  op  Montmorenci, 
falling  from  a  hight  of  two  hundred  and  forty  feet 
into  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 

The  Island  of  Orleans  is  next  passed,  upon  the 
left,  the  South  Channel  being  the  one  most  frequented 
by  ships.  When  Cartier  first  ascended  the  river,  he 
anchored  off  this  Island;  and  from  the  beauty  and 
variety  of  its  vegetation,  and  particidarly  from  the 
profusion  of  its  grape  vines,  he  called  it  the  Isle  of 


0U08S£    I8L£. 


147 


Bacclius.  Tliero  are  mnny  beautiful  situations  upon 
this  Islaiul,  the  residences  of  the  Seigneurs,  etc. 
Upon  tho  main  land  are  seen  the  villages  of  St.  Mi- 
chael, St.  Thomas,  and  Beaumont.  Very  shortly  the 
traveler  sees  Cape  Tourmente,  raising  itself  eightcieu 
hundred  feet  above  the  river;  and  following  this  are 
other  promontories  on  the  northern  shore. 

Okosse  Isle  is  soon  passed,  upon  the  left,  and  with 
its  white-washed  sheds  for  the  cmigrai;ts,  its  little 
church,  and  its  forests  of  evergreens,  presents  a  pretty 
picture.  This  is  the  quarantine  station  for  the  port  of 
Quebec,  and  it  was  here  that  the  ship  fever  committed 
such  ravages  among  the  emigranL«»,  during  the  sejisons 
of  1848  and  '49. 

We  next  come  to  Crane  Island.  This  is  a  beauti- 
ful, fertile  island,  and  upon  the  northern  end  is  seen 
the  pleasant  residence  of  the  Seigneur.  "  The  Pil- 
lars," fifty-five  miles  from  Quebec,  are  a  collection  of 
rocky  islets,  upon  one  of  which  stands  a  light-house. 
The  view  here  is  very  beautiful;  the  width  of  the 
river  below  looks  like  the  opening  of  the  ocean,  and 
the  shores  are  studded  with  little  villages,  their  white 
houses  glittering  in  the  sunlight,  while  the  dark  moun- 
tains in  the  distance  form  a  magnificent  back-ground. 

Isle  aux  Coudres  is  on  the  north  shore,  sixty-five 
miles  from  Quebec.     Tradition  asserts  that  C artier 


■ 


'■  I 

1  ? 

( 


i       i 


148 


C  A  C  O  U  N  A. 


anchored  at  this  island,  and  gave  it  its  name  from  the 
great  quantities  of  filberts  or  hazel-nuts  he  found  there. 

Murray  Bay,  eighty  miles  from  Quebec,  is  a  pretty 
village  upon  the  north  shore,  situated  upon  a  small 
stream  emptying  into  the  St.  Lawrence.  This  is  now 
a  favorite  resort  of  the  Canadians,  who  come  hither 
during  the  warm  weather  for  the  purpose  of  bathing 
in  the  salt  water. 

River  du  Loup,  on  the  southern  shore,  is  also  much 
resorted  to  by  health  and  pleasure-seekers.  Cacouna 
is  on  the  southern  shore,  a  few  miles  below  River  du 
Loup.  This  little  village  is  crowded  to  excess  during 
the  summer,  by  the  inhabitants  of  Montreal  and  Que- 
bec, who  come  to  enjoy  the  salt  water  bathing,  and 
the  fine  hunting  and  fishing  in  the  vicinity.  The  ac- 
commodations at  all  these  points  are  to  be  considerably 
enlarged,  thus  rendering  a  stay  there  much  more 
pleasant.  Cacouna  is  nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of 
the  Saguenay,  and  the  St.  Lawrence  is  here  twenty 
miles  wide.  The  steamers  remain  at  Cacouna  over 
night,  leaving  early  in  the  morning  for  the  Saguenay ; 
making  the  trip  up  and  down  that  river  during  the 
daylight.         •  .      ,  , 

The  Saguenay,  at  its  mouth,  is  about  one  mile  in 
width.  Directly  at  the  entrance,  on  the  north-west 
shore,  is  the  village  of  Tadousac  ;  this  is  one  of  the 
oldest  settlements  in  America,  and  it  is  said  that  here 


►  much 

COUNA 

ver  du 
luring 
IQue- 
>*,  and 
he  ac-  '^ 
i3rably 
mere 
ithof 
vventy 
I  over 


n 


n 


POINT     ETE  UNITY. 


151 


1^ 


H 
H 

H 

2! 

u 
a 


K 
H 
H 
M 


& 


was  the  first  house  of  stone  and  mortar  erected  in 
Canada.  Here  was,  at  one  time,  the  missionary  sta- 
tion and  residence  of  Father  Marquette,  the  explorer 
of  the  Mississippi.  The  old  Catholic  chapel  is  still 
standing  where  these  services  were  held.  Tadousac 
was  formerly  an  important  trading  post  of  the  Hudson 
Bay .  Company,  but  this  has  now  been  removed  to 
Chicoutimi.  On  the  southern  shore  is  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Riviere  du  Canard. 

Half  a  mile  above  Tadousac  is  the  little  village  of 
"L'anse  a  L'bau,"  where  there  is  a  lumber  estab- 
lishment The  steamers  usually  stop  for  a  short  time 
at  this  placo. 

"Tetb  D'.  '  ;jle"  is  a  round  mountain  peak,  rising 
about  one  thousand  feet  above  the  river,  and  distant 
a  little  over  a  mile  from  the  mouth. 

St.  Louis  Island  is  distant  eighteen  miles  from 
Tadousac,  and  is  passed  on  either  side  by  vessels. 

Thirty- four  miles  from  Tadousac  rise  the  enormous 
masses  of  rock  called  "  Point  Eternity  "  and  "  Cape 
Trinity,"  of  Avhich  the  accompanying  engraving  is  a 
very  truthful  representation. 

Point  Eternity  is  estimated  to  be  two  thousand  feet 
above  the  water,  and  is  a  perpendicular  wall  of  granite ; 
the  water  is  very  deep  at  the  base,  and  the  steamers 
pass  so  near  that  the  rocks  can  almost  be  touched  by 
the  hand. 


• 


i;i 


H: 


i; 


152 


HAI    HA!    BAY. 


Cape  Trinity  is  a  point  of  rock  divided  into  three 
portions,  each  bearing  some  slight  resemblance  to  a 
human  head;  and  probably  thus  received  its  name 
from  some  wandering  priest.  Separating  these  two 
promontories  is  a  little  bay,  called  Trinity  Cove, 
which  in  its  loveliness  presents  a  strong  contrast  to 
the  sternness  and  sublimity  of  Point  Eternity  and  Cape 
Trinity. 

St.  John's  Bay  is  a  small  cove  on  the  southern 
shore,  where  there  is  a  small  lumber  establishment. 

Fifty-seven  miles  from  Tadousac  opens  Ha!  Ha! 
Bay.  The  passage  to  the  Bay  is  on  the  left,  while 
the  Saquenay  proper  comes  down  on  the  right.  At 
the  head  of  this  Bay  are  large  lumber  establishments. 
The  little  village  is  situated  upon  the  bank  rising 
gradually  to  some  height  from  the  water.  Here,  for 
the  first  time  since  entering  the  Saguenay,  are  seen 
cultivated  fields  and  gardens.  There  is  a  Catholic 
church  here,  which  is  ser>'ed  by  three  Oblat  Fathers. 
Ships  frequently  visit  this  place  for  lumber,  large 
quantities  of  which  are  exported.  -      h^i 

Fifteen  miles  from  Ha!  Ha!  Bay  is  the  Hudson 
Bay  Company's  post  at  Chicoutimi.  Large  quanti- 
ties of  lumber  are  also  exported  from  this  place,  thus 
rendering  it  one  of  quite  considerable  business.  The 
steamers,  on  their  pleasure  excursions,  do  not  usually 
ascend  the  river  farther  than  Ha !  Ha !  Bay,  as,  a  few 


RIVER    SAOUENAY. 


153 


miles  below  Chicoutimi,  there  is  a  bar  which  can  only 
be  passed  at  high  tide,  and  thus  they  are  liable  to  be 
detained. 

The  Saguenay  is  not  navigable  above  Chicoutimi, 
as  the  rapids  of  St.  John  commence  immediately 
above  the  village.  The  voyage  up  the  Saguenay  is 
one  that  those  visiting  Quebec  should  by  no  means 
omit.  This  river  is  not  only  celebrated  for  its  natural 
beauties,  but  for  its  historical  associations.  The  Sa- 
guenay was  known  before  Stadacona  or  Hochelaga, 
and  Jaques  C artier  speaks  of  it  as  "a  very  deep 
river,  running  between  high  mountains  of  naked  stone.'* 

There  is  one  singularity  about  this  river,  which  is, 
the  want  of  anchorage;  and  even  in  the  small  bays 
ships  are  obliged  to  make  fast  to  the  rocks  on  shore, 
instead  of  depending  upon  their  anchors. 

The  immense  depth  of  water  of  course  prevents 
accumulations  of  "  debris  "  from  the  falling  rocks,  and 
the  banks  are  a  perfect  wall  of  granite  down  to  the 
water's  edfje. 

The  grandeur  and  solitude  of  this  noble  river  must 
be  seen  to  be  appreciated.  From  Tadousac  to  Chi- 
coutimi is  a  continuation  of  grand  and  imposing 
«cenery,  and  the  traveler  finds  himself  completely 
exhausted  of  terms  to  express  his  admiration. 


I 


i  >i 


3» 


\ 


{ 


■WBBH 


if 


H 


154 


KOUTK    FUOM    MONTKEAL. 


ROUTE  FROM  MONTREAL  TO  WHITE  MOUNTAINS, 
PORTLAND  AND  BOSTON, 

VIA 

ST.  LAWRENCE  AND  ATLANTIC  RAILROAD. 


Until  within  the  last  year  very  many  passengers 
have  been  deterred  from  visiting  the  White  Mountains 
by  the  amount  of  fatigue  incurred  in  reaching  them. 
Since  the  opening  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Atlantic 
Railroad  this  objection  is  entirely  obviated,  and  pas- 
sengers can  now  leave  Montreal  in  the  morninor  and 
arrive  the  same  afternoon  at  the  White  Mountain  Sta- 
tion, distant  only  nine  miles  from  tlie  top  of  Mount 
Washington. 

The  mountain  scenery  on  this  road  is  surpassed  by 
none  on  this  continent,  and  a  passage  over  its  entire 
length  from  Montreal  to  Portland  will  well  repay  the 
traveler. 

From  Portland  passengers  for  Boston  have  their 
choice  of  two  lines  of  Railroads,  as  well  as  a  line  of 
fine  steamers.  . 


liOUTE    ritOM   MONTREAL. 


155 


NTAINS, 


LOAD. 


assengers 
fountains 
ng  tliera. 
Atlantic 
and  pas- 
ninfr  and 
itain  Sta- 
f  Mount 


issed  by 
ts  entire 
epay  the 

ve  their 
a  line  of 


ROUTE  FROM  MONTREAL  TO  SARATOGA  THROUGH 
LAKE  CHAVIPLAIN. 

Opposite  Montreal,  and  connected  by  a  ferry,  is 
the  depot  where  the  cars  are  taken  for  Rouse's  Point, 
passing  through  tlie  village  of  St.  Johns.  This  place 
was  besieged  and  captured  by  the  Americans,  in  1775. 

Lake  Champlain  received  its  name  from  Samuel 
CiiAMPLAiN,  who  discovered  it  in  1608.  One  of  the 
Indian  names  given  to  it  was  Canaideri-Guarunte, 
signifying  the  mouth  or  door  of  the  country.  Another 
was  Petawa-bouque,  signifying  alternate  land  and 
water 

Rouse  s  Point  is  the  termination  of  the  Ogdens- 
burgh  Railroad,  and  there  is  an  immense  depot  directly 
at  the  steamboat  landing.  Here,  passengers  for  Bos- 
ton can  take  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad ;  or,  if  they 
desire  a  sail  on  Lake  Champhiin,  can  go  to  Burlington, 
and  there  take  tlie  Builington  and  Rutland  Railroad. 

Plattsburgh,  on  the  west  side  of  the  lake,  is  a 
handsome  town,  and  is  celebrated  as  the  scene  of 
McDoNOUGii's  victory,  on  the  11th  of  September  1814. 
The  Legislature  of  New  York  presented  Commodore 


I 


;i 


I  i 


i 


:  '• 


150 


ETHAN    ALLEN. 


McDoNouGii  with  a  farm  of  one  hundred  acres,  situ- 
ated upon  Cumberland  Head. 

Burlington  is  situjited  upon  the  Vermont  side  of 
the  lake.  It  is  built  upon  a  slope  rising  gradually 
from  the  water,  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest  towns 
on  the  route. 

The  University  op  Vermont  is  at  this  place,  and 
delightfully  situated  upon  a  hight  sloping  to  the  lake. 
About  half  a  mile  from  the  university  is  a  little  bury- 
ing ground,  completely  embowered  in  shrubbery,  over- 
looking the  river  Winooski  ;  and  within  this  inclosure 
rest  the  remains  of  Ethan  Allen,  in  a  plain  tomb, 
covered  with  a  granite   slab  bearing  the  following 

inscription : 

"  The 

Corporeal  Part 

of 

General  Ethan  Allen, 

Rests  bencatli  this  stone, 

The  12th  day  of  February,  1789, 

Aged  50  years. 

His  spirit  tried  the  mercies  of  his  God, 

In  whom  alone  he  believed  and  strongly  trusted." 

A  few  years  since  the  tomb  was  struck  by  lightning, 
and  the  granite  slab  severed  in  twain;  not,  however, 
injuring  the  inscription. 

Crown  Point,  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the 
lake,  is  now  a  ruin.     It  was  built  by  the  French,  in 


res,  situ- 

t  side  of 
2;Tadually 
ist  towns 

ilace,  and 
the  lake. 
;tle  bury- 
ery,  over- 
inclosure 
lin  tomb, 
following 


3d." 

ightning, 
lowever, 

of  the 
•ench,  in 


I'll 


''^iS^'tJ 


(!  |{  O  W  N    1'  (>  I  N  T. 


1  f>U 


1731,  and  culled  Four  St.  Fhedeiuck.  In  1759,  it 
was  taken  by  General  Amherst,  and  held  by  tho 
English  until  1775,  when  it  was  taken  by  Colontl 
Warner — the  same  day  that  Colonel  Allen  took 
Ticonderoga. 

This  fortress  was  never  entirely  finished,  though  the 
Englisli  spent  nearly  ten  millions  upon  it  and  its  out- 
works. These  works  are  much  better  preserved  than 
those  at  Ticonderoga;  among  the  spoils,  at  the  time 
it  was  taken  by  Colonel  Wauneii,  were  a  liundred  and 
fourteen  cannon,  of  which  sixty  one  only  were  fit  for 
service. 


(>() 


FO  UT    Tl  CO  N  I)  i;  l{<)(J  A 


T  ICON  1)  K  ROU  A. 


Tlic  ruina  of  (jld  Four  Tict)NDEHouA  are  situated 
on  ii  [)L'ninsuh%  formed  by  Lakt;  Clmmplain  and  the 
outlet  f>f  Lake  (rcorge.  Tlie  [tulian  namo  was  Cheon- 
DERooA,  and  was  sliglitly  clianged  by  the  Frencli  to 
its  present  appellation.  Tills  post  was  built  by  tlio 
French  in  IT^O.  Mount  Inuki'endence,  on  the  ea^t 
side  of  the  lake,  was  also  forlitied,  and  remains  of  some 
of  the  old  works  can  still  be  seen. 

In  1759  this  post  was  evacuated  by  the  French, 
and  the  English  occupied  it.  'I'hey  retained  possession 
of  it  till  1775,  when  it  was  surprised  and  taken  on 
the  10th  of  May,  by  the  Americans,  under  Colonel 
Ethan  Allen.  •*  The  commandant  of  the  fort  was 
surprised  in  his  bed  by  Allen,  Aunold,  and  a  few  of 
their  followers,  who  had  entered  by  a  subterranean 
passage,  and  made  themselves  masters  of  it,  without 
any  loss.  On  being  ordered  to  surrender,  he  asked, 
by  what  authority  he  was  required  to  do  so:  Allen 
replied,  *I  demand  it  in  the  name  of  the  great  Jehovah, 
and  of  the  Continental  Congress.' "  The  Congress, 
however,  knew  nothing  of  the  matter,  its  first  meeting 
bf'ino:  held  some  hours  after  this  transaction. 

Tn  1777.  the  Hritish  army,  under  General  Hi'roovne, 


c 
e 

tr 

C 

it 


situiitod 
and  tliu 

i<  ClIEON- 

'ronch  to 

t   by  the; 

tlie  east 

s  of  some 

!  Freneli, 

lossessioii 

taken  on 

Colonel 

brt  was 

few  of 

erranean 

without 

asked, 

Allen 

ehovah, 

ongress, 

meetinrf 

RnOVNK, 


! 


I 


LAKE    GEOliOE. 


lt'3 


on  their  route  to  Saratoga,  appeared  before  this  post 
They  erected  a  battery  on  Mount  Defiance,  which  is 
elevated  seven  hundred  and  twenty  feet  above  tlie 
lake,  and  completely  commanded  the  fort.  General 
St.  Clair  was  forced  to  evacuate  it;  the  Americans 
never  retook  it,  and  it  was  suffered  to  go  to  dcctjy. 

The  Champlain  boats  proceed  up  the  lake  to  White- 
hall. Those  desirous  of  seeing  Lake  George,  leave 
the  boat  here,  and  are  conveyed  in  carriages  a  distance 
of  three  miles  and  a  lialf,  to  the  "Lake  George 
Steamboat  Landing." 

This  lake  is  celebrated  for  its  romantic  and  varied 
scenery,  and  the  transparency  of  its  waters.  It  is 
thirty-six  miles  long,  and  from  two  to  three  miles  in 
width.  It  was  called  Lac  Sackament,  by  the  French, 
on  account  of  the  purity  of  its  waters.  The  Indian 
name  was  Hokicon. 

The  steamer  runs  to  Caldwell,  at  the  south-west 
end  of  the  lake.  This  is  the  site  of  Fort  William 
Henry,  and  was  the  scene  of  the  massacre  which  took 
place  on  the  10th  of  August,  1756,  and  Lift  such  a 
stain  upon  the  memory  of  Montcalm,  that  it  was 
scarcely  enised  by  his  glorious  death  upon  the  plains 
of  Abraham. 

The  road  from  Caldwell  to  Glen's  Falls,  is  through 
a  wild  country,  abounding  in  historical  incidents  of  the 
old  French  war  and  of  the  Revolution. 


104 


FAREWELL. 


{ 


Sliortly  after  leaving  Caldwell,  we  pass  Blood\ 
Pond,  into  which,  after  an  engagement  in  September 
1755,  the  bodies  of  a  thousand  French  and  English 
were  thrown.  From  Caldwell  passengers  are  convey- 
ed to  Sandy  Hill,  by  stages,  and  thence  by  niilroad 
to  Saratoga. 

\Vc  now  take  leave  of  you,  who  have  journeyed  so 
far  with  us,  hoping  that  we  have  whiled  away  some 
few  moments  that  might  otherwise  perhaps  have  been 
tedious;  and,  wishing  you  renewed  health  from  th« 
fiparkling  waters  of  Saratoga,  and  a  pleasant  return  to 
youi"  homes,  we  say  —  Farewell! 


Bloody 
ptembei 
Engliish 
convev- 
railroad 


leyed  so 
fiy  some 
Lvo  been 
rom  the 
cturn  to 


TABLES  OK  DISTANCES. 


DISTANCES  BETWEEN  BUFFALO  AND  QUI  EEC. 
By  the  Uc'ted  States  Hail  Line. 


IKAV.V. 

Ilullalo, U 

Niajiara  Falls, 22 

I.ewistoii, 7 

Younsrstown, 7 

Uocliesier, 7^>. 

tJsweso, GO 

^Jackeils  Harbor 4J 

Kingston, 3S 

riayion, 22. 

Alxliav 12 

Brockvillc, 21 

Oiilensluir.ffli 12. 

CJallopRapi.ls,  ^. 

l)e  Place     do     ^  "^iwetn 

Matilda 16. 

Willianisl)iir!:ii, 7, 

Chryseier's  Farm  bat-  > 

liu    f^rounii, 3 

Louisville, 7 

Long  Saiilt  Rapids, 

Cornwall, 17. 

St.  Regis,  (Indian,) 4. 

Lancaster 10. 

C-'oteau  Dii   Lac, 20. 

Coteau  Rapidi?, ) 

(.'edar        do.      >  between 

Cas-.ades  do.      j 

La  Chine, 36. 

l.rtohine  Rapids, 

>i  Murcaj, 9. 

Uuebeo, 180. 


22 
!  29 
.  30 
.111 
.171 
.213 
.251 
.273 

.309 
.321 


.337 
.344 


-351 

.368 
.372 

.3.S8 
.403 


.440 

.4r.r) 

.635 


vv. 

Quebec. 0- 

Montreal ia'--180 

La  Chine 9-189 

Heanharnais, 18. .207 

Coieau  1)11  Lac, 20-227 

Lanca.sier, 20.-247 

St.  Resis 10. .263 

C<irn\vall 4. .267 

William.«bur!.'h, 24. .291 

Maiild.1 : 7.-298 

Oudensburgh 10.. 311 

Brock  vibe, 12.. 326 

Alx  Bav, 24..35() 

Clayton, 12.. 302 

Kingston 22..3-"^4 

Sacketts  Harbor, 3S..422 

Oswejro 42.. 40 1 

Rochester, 60.. 524 

I.ewiston, S2..601i 

Niairara  Falls, 7..613 

UulUiio, 22.-635 


16. 


TABLES    OF    DISTANCB8. 


BUFFALO  AND  QUEBEC, 


By  American  Express  line. 


I>OWN. 

Buffalo, 0-. 

Ni.-igara  Falls, 22.. 

Lcwislon, 7-. 

Toronto 42.. 

Capo  Vincent, 170.. 

Clayton, 18.. 

Alx  Bay, 12.. 

Bror.kville, 24.. 

Ogidensbui-gh 12.. 

Gallop  Ua(iiils, ) 

l)e  Plan, 5 

Matilda,  IC. 

Willianisbursli, 7.. 

Chryselnr's   Farm    hat-    1 

il«  ground, I 

Louisville, 7.. 

Loni;  Sault  Uapids, 

Cornwall, 17., 

St.  Regis,  (Indian,) 4.. 

Lancaster, .— 10.. 

Coteau  du  Lac,.. 20.. 

Coteau  Rapids, 

Cedar        do. 

Cascatles  do.     

La  Chine, ...  48.. 

Hupids, 

Montreal, 9.. 

Uuebec, 180.. 


ur. 


22 
29 
71 
241 
259 
271 
25)5 
307 


323 
330 


3:^7 

354 

358 
374 
394 


432 

441 
621 


Quebec, 0.. 

Montreal, I80..1fl0 

La  Chine, 9. .189 

Beauharnais, 18. .207 

Coteau  duLac, 20..227 

Lancaster, 20. .347 

St.  Regis,  (Indian,) 16..263 

Cornwall, 4-.2G7 

Louisville, 17..284 

VVilliamsburgh, 7. .291 

Matilda, 7.-298 

Osdenshurch, It). .314 

Brockville,". 12-.326 

Al.\  Bay, 24..350 

Clayton I2..3ti2 

Cape  Vincent 18..380 

Toronto, 170..550 

Lewision, 42..59ii 

Niagara  Falls 7.-599 

Bullalc, 22..621 


NIAGARA  FALLS  AND  NEW  YORK, 
Via  Oswego,  by  United  States  Kail  Line. 


KAST. 

Niasrara  Falls, 0.. 

Lewiston, 7..    7 

Youngsiown, 7..  14 

R«)che8tcr, 75..  89 

Oswego, 60.. 149 

JSvk'acHse, 35..  184 

Rome, 38.-222 

Vlir.a, 15..237 

Herkimer,    15..252 

Little  Falls, 6.-258 

St.  .lohnsvillc, 10-.268 

Fort  Plain 6..274 

Palatine  Bridge, 3. .277 

Fonda, 11..2a8 

Amsterdam, 11.. 299 

Schenectady, 16..315 

Albany, 16..331 

New  York, 147..478 


WEST. 

New  York,. 0.. 

Albany 147.. 147 

Schenectady, 16..  163 

Am.sierdam, 16..  179 

Fonda, II. .190 

Palatine  Bridge, ll..i:ul 

Fort  Plain 3..204 

St.  Johnsvillc, 6..210 

Little  Falls, 10..220 

Herkimer, 6..226 

Utica,  15..241 

Rome, 15..25(i 

Syracuse, 38. .294 

Oswego 35..329 

Rochester, 60..399 

Lewiston 82..471 

Niagara  Fallp, 7..'178 


TABLES    OF    DISTANCES. 


167 


BUFFALO  AND  NIAOABA  FALLS  RAILROAD. 


Buffalo, 0.. 

HIack   Rock, 3..  3 

Cherry's, 3..  « 

Tonawanila, 5..  1 1 

Cayuga  Creek, 0..17 

Schlosscr, 3..'M 

Niagara  Falls, 2-.2*^ 


Niasara  Falls, ().. 

Schlosser, 2..  2 

Cayutra  Creek, 3..  5 

Tonawanila, G..11 

<;herrv'.s, 5.-16 

HIack"  Rock, 3. .19 

Burtalo,  3.-22 


NIAGARA  FALLS  AND  NEW  YORE, 
Via  Toronto  and  Cape  Vincent,  by  American  Express  Line. 


7.. 147 
.163 
.179 
-190 
Sa)1 
..204 
..210 
.220 
..226 
.241 
.250 
.294 
-329 
399 
-.471 
..478 


EAST. 

Niijsara  Falls, 0-. 

I.ewision, -.    7..    7 

Toronto, 42..  49 

Cape  Vincent, 17U..219 

Chamont, II. .230 

Limerick, 6-. 236 

Hrownville, 4.. 210 

VVatertown, 4.-244 

Adams  Centre, 10--251 

Adams, 3-.257 

Pierrepont  Manor, 5.. 202 

Mannsville, 2..264 

Sandy  Creek, 5..2C9 

Richland, 5..274 

Albion, 4-.278 

Kasoag, 7..285 

Williamstown, 3. .288 

Camden, 10-.298 

McConnelsvJlle, 5...303 

Taberg, 2.-305 

Rome, 11. .316 

Uiicn 15..331 

Ilnrkimer, 15. .346 

Si.  Johnsville, 16.. 362 

Fonda, 20..382 

Amsterdam, 11. .393 

Schenectady, 16.. 409 

Albany 16..425 

New  York 117..572 


AVKST. 
New  York, O.- 
Albany,  147.-147 

Schenectady, 16..  103 

Amsterdam, 16..  179 

Fonda, 11. .190 

St.  Johnsville, 20. .210 

Herkimer, 16. .226 

Utica,  15..241 

Rome, 15..2ri6 

Taberg,   11. .267 

McConnelsville,    2.. 869 

Camden, 5. .274 

WilliamsKuvii, 10..'2S4 

Kasoaff,   3..2S7 

Albion,    7..294 

Richland, 4.. 298 

Sandy  Creek, 5.. 303 

Mannsville,    5. .308 

Pierrepont  Manor, 2. .310 

Adams, 6. .315 

Adams  Center, 3. .318 

Walertown, 10--323 

Brownville, 4. .332 

Limerick, 4. .336 

Chamont, 6. .342 

Cape  Vincent, il..3.'i3 

Toronto, 170.-52:3 

Lewiston, 42.. 565 

Niagara  Falls, 7. .57'^ 


,■ 


& 


168 


TABLES   or    DISTANCES 


MONTREAL  ANB  QUEBEC. 


DOWN. 

Montreal, 0.. 

Vareiiiies, 15..  15 

Williiun  Henry, 30..  45 

Lake  S<.  Peter, 8..  53 

St.  Francis, 30..  83 

Three  Rivers, 7..  90 

St.  Anne, 25. .115 

llichclieu  Rapids, 20..  135 

Cape  Same, 15..  150 

Cape  Rouge, 22.. 172 

Quebec, 8.. ISO 


i;r. 

Quebec, 0. 

Cape  Rouge, 8. 

Cape  Sante, 22. 

Richelieu  RapiiU, 15. 

St.   Anne, 20. 

Three  Rivers, 25. 

St.  Francis, 7. 

Lake  St.  Peter, 30. 

William  Henry, 8. 

Varennos, 30. 

Munireai, 15. 


.  8 
.  30 
.  45 
.  H5 
.  90 
.  97 
.127 
.133 
.165 
.180 


SARATOGA  AND  WHITE  HAIL  RAILROAD. 


White  Hall, 0.. 

Comsiock, 7.,  7 

Fori  Ann, 4. .11 

Smith's  Basin, 5..IC 

Dunham's  Basin, 4. .20 

Fort  Eilward, 4. .24 

Moreau, 1..25 

Gaasevoorls, 1 6.. 31 

Saratoga, 11. .42 


!  Saratoga, 0.. 

G  an.se  voorts, 11. .11 

Moreau, t)..l7 

Fort  Edward, 1..18 

Duidiani's  Basin, 4. .'22 

Smith's  Basin, 4. .20 

Fort  Ann, 5. .31 

Comstock, 4. .35 

While  Hall, 7..42 


Saratoga  to  Troy, 25  miles. 

Saratoga  to  Sciienectady, 22  miles. 


MONTREAL   AND   NEW  TORX, 
Through  Lake  Champlain. 


GOING  SOUTH. 

Montreal, 0. 

St.  .lohna 24. 

Rouse's   Point, 24. 

PlaMstourgh, 25. 

Unrlincion, 25. 

Ticonderoffa, 58. 

WhiteHalJ, 24. 

Saratoga .39. 

Troy, 27. 

Albanv, 6. 

Now  York, iW- 


.  24 
.  48 
.  73 
.  98 
.156 
.180 
.219 
.246 
.252 
.339 


GOING    NOnXH. 

New  York, 0.. 

Albany 147.. 14? 

Trov, Cisa 

Saratoffa, 27. .180 

White  Hall, 30. .219 

Ticonderoga, tM-.243 

Hurlinefon, 58. .201 

Plaitsburgh, 25. .326 

Rouse's   Point, 25. .351 

St.   Johni!,   24. .375 

Montreal, W..391> 


0.. 

8-  8 
W..  30 
15..  45 


-  0.. 
.Jl.-ll 
.  (3.-17 
.  1..I8 
.  4..y2 
.  L.-iG 
.  5. .31 
.  4.-35 
.  7.-42 

miles, 
miics. 


TABLES     OF     DISTANCES. 


169 


TICONDEBOOA  TO  SABAT06A, 
Through  Lake  George. 

TiconJcroga, 0 

(.'ilUJwell, '  4(1 

Saratoga, ' "27 

Milcp, 07 


OODENSBTJROH  AND  BOSTON, 

Via  Vermont  Central  Sailrcaci. 


KAST. 

Ostlensburgh, 0. 

Lisbon, 9. 

Madrid 8. 

Polsdain, S. 

Knapp't!, -    3. 

Brasher  Falls 7. 

Lawrence, 0. 

Moiru, (3. 

Bnisli   Mills', 2. 

Bangor, G. 

Malone, 6. 

Biirk, 7. 

(.'iiateauiray, 5. 

Ellenburgli, 17. 

Cviiazy, 6. 

renterviHe, ..- 7. 

Moor's,^ 3- 

Cliamplain 8. 

Route's   Point, 4. 

Alburjrli, 5. 

Swanton, 8. 

Si.  Albans, 10. 

Colcliesier, 2v). 

Essex  Junction, 7. 

Richmond, 9. 

Waterbiiry, 13. 

Montpelier, II. 

NorthfieUl, 10. 

Roxbury, 7. 

Braintrec, 8. 

South    Royalton, 2H. 

Whi'e  River  Junction, 19. 

Lebanon, 4. 

Canaan, 13. 

West  Andover, 19- 

Pranklin, 14. 

Concord, 15. 

Manchester, 17. 

Nashua, 17. 

Lowell, 14- 

Woburn, 15. 

Medlbrd, 5. 

Boston, 5. 


-  9 
.  17 

-  25 
.  28 

-  35 

-  41 

-  47 
.  49 

-  55 
.  CI 

-  6^! 
.  73 
.  9(t 
.  9G 
.103 
.lOG 
.114 
.118 
.123 
.131 
-141 
.IGI 
.1G8 
.177 
.190 
.201 
.211 
.218 
.226 
.24G 
.265 
.2G9 
.28-2 
-301 
-315 
.330 
.347 
.264 
.378 
.393 
.398 
.403 


WEST. 

Boston 0. 

Med  ford, 5. 

VVoburn, 5- 

Lowcll, 75- 

Nashun, 14. 

Manchester, 17- 

Concord, 17. 

Franklin, 15- 

West  Andover,., 14. 

Canaan, 19. 

Lebanon, 13. 

White  Iliver  .hinciion, 4. 

Souih  Kovalton, 19. 

BrainlreeJ 20. 

lloxbnrv, 8. 

Northfiehl,   7. 

Montpelier, 10. 

Waterbury, 11. 

Richmond 13. 

Essex  Junction, 9. 

Colchester,  7. 

St.  Albans, 20. 

Swanton, 10. 

Albur^h, 8. 

Rouse's   Point, 5. 

Champjain, 4. 

Moore's, 8- 

Centerville, 3. 

Chazy, 7. 

Ellenburgh, 6- 

Chateaugay, 17. 

Burk, 5- 

Malone, 7. 

Bansor, 6. 

BriU5h  Mills, 6. 

Moira, 2. 

Lawrence, 6. 

Brasher  Falls, 6. 

Knapp's, 7. 

Potsdam, 3. 

Madrid, 8. 

I/isbon, 8. 

Ogdensburgh, 9. 


.  R 
.  10 

2" 
'.  39 
.  56 
.  73 
.  88 
.102 
.121 
.134 
.138 
.157 
.177 
.185 
.192 
.202 
.213 
.226 
.235 

.ai2 

.262 
.272 
.280 
.285 
.289 
.297 
.300 
.307 
.313 
330 
.335 
.342 
.348 
.354 
.356 
.362 
.368 
.375 
.378 
.386 
,394 
.403 


170 


TAULKS    OV    niSTANCEB. 


OODENSBUROH  AND  BOSTON, 
Via  Kutlaad  and  Burlington  Bailroad. 


EAST. 

Ogdensburgli, 0. 

Rouse's  Point, 118. 

Ilurlingloii, 50. 

Shelbuine, 0, 

Chailotle, 5. 

Fcriisburgh, 4. 

VcrjjeniicH,  0. 

Kew  Haven, 5. 

MiiUllebury, 7. 

Stilisbury, 0, 

Wbii.iiig, 5, 

Hrandon, 6. 

IMusfonl,  .. 8. 

llutlaml, 9, 

iJiarendoii,    6. 

Cuttingsville, 7. 

Mount  Holly, 8. 

l.udlow, 7. 

Prociorsvillc, 3, 

Duttonsville 2. 

Oassells, 5 

(Jbestcr, •! 

Bartonsvillc, 4. 

Uorkingliam, 4. 

Wellows  Falls. 6 

Walpole,.-..- 4 

WesiinorelanU, 6. 

Kcene, 12 

Troy, 10 

Fitzwilliain, 5 

Winchendon. 9. 

Souili  Asliburnhain, 8. 

Wcsiminsier,. 4. 

Fitcbburgh, 5. 

Leominster,.. 4. 

firoton, 11. 

South  Acton,.,. 10. 

Concord, ...  5. 

Walthain, 10. 

Boston, 10. 


.118 

.108 

.171 

.179 

.I8:j 

.189 

.194 

.'AH 

.'2W 

.212 

.218 

.226 

.235 

.'241 

.'248 

.256 

.263 

.266 

.268 

.'273 

.'^77 

•JSl 

28.-) 

.291 

.'295 

.301 

313 

.3'23 

3-28 

337 

345 

349 

354 

.358 

369 

379 

.384 

.394 

.404 


WEST. 

Ropion, 0.. 

Waltliam, 10..  10 

Concord, 10..  20 

South  Acton, 5..  25 

Groton, 10..  35 

Leominster, II..  46 

Fitchburg, 4..  GO 

VVestminater, 5..  55 

South  Aohburnham, 4..  59 

Winchendon, 8..  67 

Fitzwilliam, 9..  76 

Troy, 5..  81 

Keene, 10..  91 

Westmoreland, 12.. 103 

Walpole, 6.. 109 

Bellows  Falls, 4. .113 

Uockinsham, 6..  1 19 

Barton.sVille, 4. .123 

Chester, 4..1'27 

Gassetts, 4..  131 

Duttonsville, 5.. 136 

Proctorsville, 2. .13-3 

Ludlow, — 3..  14 1 

Mount  Holly, 7. .148 

Cultingavillo, .-  8..15«» 

Clarendon, -  7. .163 

Rutland, 6..169 

IMttslbrd, 9-. 178 

Brandon, 8.. 186 

Whitins, 6.. 192 

Salisbury, 5..197 

Middlebury, 6..203 

Now  Haven, 7..210 

Vergennes,.. ...... ...  5.. 215 

Ferrisburg, 6.. 221 

Charlotte, 4..225 

Shelburne, 5..230 

Burlington, 6. .336 

Rouse's  Point, 50..286 

Ogdensburg, 118..404 


OSWEOO  AND  SYBACUSE  RAILBOAD. 


f\swego, 0.. 

Fiilton, 12.. 12 

Lawson?,  5.. 17 

Haldwinsvilie, 6..23 

Syracuse, 12.. 35 


Syracuse, 

Baldwinsville,. 

Lawsons, 

Fnllon, 

Oswego, 


.  0.. 
.12.. 12 
.  6..18 
.  5.-23 
.12-.35 


TABLES    OP    DISTANCES. 


Ill 


OOBENSBUBGH  BAUROAI). 


Ogdcnsburgb, 0.. 

LiHbon, 9..    9 

Madrid, 8..  17 

Potsdam, 8..  'Si 

Knapp's, 3..  28 

Brasher  Falls, 7..  afi 

Lawrence...... 6..  41 

Moira, 6..  47 

Brush's  Mills, 2..  49 

Bangur, ti.,  fi') 

Malonc, <>_.  61 

Burk, 7..  G8 

Chateaugay, 5..  73 

Ellenburgh, 17..  90 

Chazy, 6..  % 

Ceniervilie, 7..1U3 

Moore's, 3.. 100 

Champlain, 8.. 114 

Rouse's  Point, 4.. US 


Rouse's  Point, 0.. 

Champlain, 4..    4 

Moore's, H.,  I'i 

Cfiiierville, 3..  15 

Chazy, 7..  ii'^ 

Klleiiburgh, (>..  tW 

Chateaugay, 17..  45 

Burk, 5..  M 

Malonu,  7..  57 

Bansor, ti..  (13 

Brush's  Mills, «,.  09 

Moira, !2..  71 

Lawrence, (}..  77 

Brasher  Falls, «>..  M 

Knapi>'fl, 7..  CO 

Potsdam, 3..  93 

Madrid, 8.. 101 

Lisbon, «..|09 

Ogdensburgh, ,,  9.. 118 


BUFFALO  AND  CINCINNATI. 


Bufl'alo,  by  steamer  to 

Cleveland, 190.. m 

Berea 12..202 

Columbia, 6..an8 

Eaion, 4. .212 

Graflop, 3..215 

Wellington, 11. .226 

New  London, 11. .237 

Shelby, 20..257 

Iberia, 13.-275 

Oxford, 19..291 

Delaware, 8. .302 

Orange, 7. .309 

Columbus, 16.. 325 

West  Jefferson, 14. .339 

London, 11. .350 

Xenia, 30..380 

Wajrnesville, 14.-394 

Morrow, 14.-408 

Deerfiekl, 5.. 413 

Millord, 17. .430 

Plainville 5.-435 

Cincinnati, 10.  .445 


Cincinnati, 0.. 

Plainville, 9.,    9 

Milford, 5..  14 

Deertield 18..  !W 

Morrow, ft..  37 

Waynesville, 14..  51 

Xenia, 14..  (!5 

London, 30..  95 

West  Jefferson, II. .10(5 

Columbus, 14..  120 

Oramie, 16..  136 

Delaware, 7... 143 

Oxford, 8.. 151 

Iberia, I0..170 

Shelby, IS..188 

New  London, 20.. 208 

Wellington, 11. ..919 

Grafton, ^^"'Bl 

Eaton, 3. .233 

Columbia, 4. .237 

Berea, 6. .213 

Cleveland 12.. 25.) 

Buffalo,  by  steamer, iy0..4li> 


172 


TABLKS    OF     DIST^tNCBli. 


NEW  YORK  TO  NIAGARA  FAILS, 
Via  Central  Railroad. 


Now  York  to 

Albany,  by     i>nmboat, 147. .1-17 

Schenectail\, 17..IC4 

Ainslerdam', 10..  180 

Fondn, 11. .191 

Palatine  llriilge, 11. .202 

Fort  Plain, 3.  .205 

Si.  Joiinsville, «..2I1 

Little  Falls, 10..221 

Herkimer, 7. .'228 

FranJcfort, 5. .233 

Utica, i>..242 

Whiiesboro, 4..24tj 

Oriskany, 3.. 249 

Rome 7.-256 

Verona  Center, 9. .'265 

Oneida, 4. .209 

Canasiota, 5. .'274 

Chiitenango, 0..280 

Manlius, 7-.2S7 

Syracuse, 8..'.>'.)5 

MarccJIus, 9..3U4 

Hall'  Way, 5. .309 

Skaneaielcs  Junction, 2. .311 

Auburn, 10..32! 

Cayuga  Bridge, 17. .338 

Seneca  Falls, 3. .341 

Waterloo, 7, .348 

Geneva, 

East  Vienna, 13.-301 

Canandalgua, 9.. 370 

Victor, 9-.379 

Pittsford, 10..389 

Rochester, 10.. 399 

Churchville, 14. .413 

Bergen, 3. .4 16 

Byron, 8.. 424 

Baiavia, 8..43'2 

Alexander, 8-.440 

Attica, 3.. 443 

Darien  City, 5.. 448 

Alden, 7. .455 

Town  Line, 5. .460 

Lancaster, 5. .465 

Buffalo, 10..475 

Niagara  Falls, 22.  .497 


Niagara  Falls, 0. 

Bufiiilo, 23.. 

I^nncaster, 10.. 

Town  Line, 5.. 

Alden, 5., 

f'arien  City, 7.. 

Attica, 5.. 

Alexander, 3.. 

Batavia, 8.. 

Byron...... 8.. 

Bergen, 8., 

Churchville, 3.. 

Rochester, 14.. 

Pittsford, 10., 

Victor,  ..  10.. 

Canandaigiiu, 9.. 

East  Vienna, 9.. 

Geni'va, 

Waiciloo, 13.. 

Seneca  Falls, 7.. 

Cayuga  Bridge, 3.. 

Auburn, 17.. 

Skaneateles  Junction, 10.. 

Half  Way, 2.. 

Marcellus, 5.. 

Syracuse, 9.. 

Manlius, H.. 

Chinennngo, 7.. 

tJanustota, 6.. 

Oneida,.. 5.. 

Verona  Center,. 4.. 

Rome, 9.. 

Oriskany, 7.. 

Whitesboro, j.    3.. 

Utica, 4.. 

FranKTort, 9.. 

Herkimer, 5.. 

Little  Falls, 7.. 

St.  Johnsviile, 10.. 

Fort  Plain, , 6.. 

Palatiite  Bridge, 3. 

Fonda, ll.. 

Amsterdam, H.. 

Schenectady, 16.. 

Albany 17.. 

New  York,  by  steamboat,.  147., 


22 

,  32 
37 

4? 

49 

54 

57 

65 

73 

81 

.  84 

98 

lot) 

lUi 

12/ 

13C 

149 
156 
159 
176 
166 
1;« 
193 
202 
210 
217 
223 
228 
23-2 
241 
248 
251 
255 
'264 
269 
276 
28<'. 
292 
295 
306 
317 
333 
390 
497 


TAULKS    OF   DISTANCES. 


173 


WATEBTOWN  AND 

2npe  Vincent, o.. 

('haiiinont, ll.il  I 

l.ininnck '.'.  c'.'.lT 

Urowti  villi; 4.!^! 

Wiitrriown, i..2'> 

AdiiniH  Centre, 10..^.") 

AilaniH, y.jjs 

I'ifirepoiit  Manor, 5..  I!! 

Mannsvjllc, '.i.ATi 

Handy   Creek, G.'IoO 

Richland, B..f)5 

Albion, 4. .no 

KuHoag, 7..60 

Williumsiown, 3. .♦)'.» 

Camden, 10.. 79 

McConneJsville, 5. .84 

Tabcrg, 2.. 8(5 

Koine, 11. .97 


ROME  RAUROAD. 

Home,   0 

'!'•''»«''•?. '..'..'.'.'.'.\l''.lt 

McConML'lHvillc, 'J. .13 

C/'aniden, [\\[  filj^ 

VVillianistowu, 1U./:JS 

Kasouff, , ]  .iVSn 

Albion', 7.;;{a 

•li<''l>land, 4..4iJ 

Sandy  Creek 5.. 47 

Mannsvillc, 5. .52 

Pierroponi  Manor, "  2. .54 

Adams, 5..5<j 

Adams  Cenire, ■''..62 

VVaieriowu, I*..72 

Hrownville, 4. .70 

I.inuMick ]  4. .80 

<'hanniont, i)..ti6 

Capo  Vincent, 11.. 97 


KEW  TORK  TO  NIAGARA  FAILS, 
Via  Erie  Railroad. 


New  York, 0.. 

Piermont, 25..  25 

tMarkstown, 8..  33 

.SulVernM,  9..  42 

Ramapo, 2..  41 

Monroe, 15..  50 

Oxlord, 3..  62 

Chester, 3..  65 

Goshen, 5..  70 

Delaware, 2S..  98 

Lackawaxen, 23. .121 

Cochecion, 20.. 141 

Deposit 47..1H7 

Siixquehanna, 15.. 202 

Binizhampton, ;23..225 

Owego, 22..247 

Tioga, 5..252 

Chemune, 18..270 

Elmira, 13. .'283 

Cornins, 18. .301 

Canisteo, 36. .337 

Ilorncllsvrde 5..342 

Andover, 16. .358 

Genesee, 9.. 367 

Olean, 37..404 

Allcaanv, 4. .408 

CallarHUgu3, 30.  .438 

Dayion, 9.. 447 

Forcstville, 14. .461 

Dunkirk, 8..469 

Hufliilo,  bv  State  Line  11.R..41  ..510 


Niagara  Falls, 


22. .532 


Niasrara  Falls, 0.. 

Bullalo 22..  22 

Dinikirk.by  State  Line  R.R.4L.  63 

Forcstville, 8..  71 

Dayion, 14..  85 

Cattarauqus, !)..  94 

Allesany,..! 30..1'24 

Olean, 4.. 128 

Genesee, 37..ir.5 

Andover 9.-1/4 

norncllsvijle, 16.. 190 

Canisleo, 5. .195 

Corning, 30. .231 

Elmira, 1S..'>49 

Chemung, 13..262 

Tioga, 18..aSfl 

Owego, 5. .ass 

Bingh'ampton, 22..307 

Susquehanna,    23.. 330 

Deposit, IS.-S-IS 

Cochecton, 47..392 

Lackawaxen, 20.  .4 10 

Delaware, 23..433 

Goshen, 28..461 

Chester, 5. .466 

Oxlord, 3. .460 

Monroe,  3. .472 

Ramapo, 15.  .487 

Puflerns, 2..489 

Clarksiown, 9..498 

Piormont, 8.. 507 

New  York,.. 25..532 


174 


TADLK8    OF   DISTANCES. 


MICHIOAN  CENTRAL  BAHROAO. 

Distance  from  Uullitki  tu  Ueiroitf  (by  Hieumur,) 2dU  milea 


Dfti-olt  to 

l>*!arl)(ii'n, 10.. 

VViiyiio, 7..  17 

Yiwilunti, 12..  2U 

Anil  Aibiir, H..  HJ 

Dcxior l!>..  47 

CholBfii '.I..  50 

Grans  Luke, 'J..  6") 

Jackfori, II..  7(5 

^i.lley'8, »..  H.") 

Albion 11..  % 

Marshall, !«2..1(W 

Uaiile  Creek, I.i..l2l 

(JalcsburKh,  14,.  135 

Kuliimuzuu, 8..  143 

Pawpaw, 17..1»'>U 

Decatur, 8..1»>S 

Dowagiuc, II..  17'.) 

Niles, ia..l'.)l 

lluchanan, 0..ly7 

Tcrro  Coiipcc O..yo3 

NewHuHiflo, ir)..i.'|M 

Miohi!?an  City, 10.-8;iS 

Porter, lO.'iJS 

Lake, 6. .244 

State  Lino, 10.-451 

Junction, 9.. 203 

Ciicttgo, 15..278 


Chirairo  to 

Junction, 15.. 

Statu  Line, 9.. 

Luke, 10.. 

Porter, 6.. 

Micliii-'an  City, !<».. 

New  Hniriilo, It).. 


Tone  Coitptjo, 


....15. 


40 
CO 
GO 
75 


linchanan, »i.,  HI 

Nili'H, (»..  87 

Downciac, 12..  99 

Decatur 11..  110 

Pawpaw, 8..IIH 

Kalamazoo, 17..  135 

IfaleHhurith,  S..143 

llattle  Creek, 14. .157 

Marshall, 13. .170 

Albion, 1-2..  182 

fJidlev's, II..  193 

Jackson, 9..'2(i2 

Grass  Lake, 11. .213 

Chi'lsea, 9. .222 

Dexter, 9. .231 

Ann  Arbor, 10. .211 

Vpsilanti, 8..2^19 

Wayne, I2..2(il 

Dearborn, 7..2GS 

Detroit, I0..27a 


TADLUS    OF    UIBTANCEB. 


175 


..-'an 


MIOHIOAN  80UTHEBN  RAILROAD. 

Difltance  from  lluiralo  to  Monrn»>,  (by  aioamer,) S40  milrs. 

DiHtuiiCti  from  Uullitlo  Vo  Toledo,  (by  i<teuiiier,) 250  iiiilfla 

Monroe  INur  to 

Moitroi)  Ciiy, 3i 

Ma, y 

PfterHburg, 7 

DtiorfusUI, 4  - 

Valinyru, 5  . 

Atlriun, 7^. 

Cluyioii, II   . 

llut'Uon, fik. 

PIllHford, 7  . 

Ortseo, 4  . 

llillsdak, fij. 

Jonenville, 5  . 

Allen'H, 8^. 

tiuincy, 3  . 

Coldwulcr, 6i. 

Branch, sj. 

llronNon 8  . 

llurrOuk, 7  . 

Siurcl 6  . 

While  Piceon, 12  . 

Contilantine, 4  . 

UriBtol, 6  . 

Elkhart 9  . 

Mlvhawaka, 11  . 

South  Uend, 4  . 

Terre  Coupee, lU. 

I.a  Porte, 14]. 

IIolineK, 10  . 

Cnlumct, 8  . 

Hiiiley  Town  Junction,  ..  5  . 

Indiana  West  Line, 26  . 

Chicago, 11  . 


.  13 

.  20 
.  21 

.  ay 

.  30* 
.  47j 
.  M 
.  fKl 
.  04 
.  CA) 
.  74 

.  m 

.  815 

-  y-ij 
.  ys 
.ia3 

.110 
.116 
.128 
.132 

-las 

.147 

.158 

162 

.173J 

.IAS 

.iy8 

.206 
.211 
.237 
.248 


Chic/iffo, 0  .. 

Ihdiunii  VVfsl  Linn, II  .. 

Iliiiley  Town  Junction,  ..26  ..  '.ff 

Calumet, 5  ..  42 

llolmeH, H  ..  fiO 

I.a  I'oriu, 10  ..  60 

Teno  Ctmpoe, 144..  74* 

South  Hend, llj..  80 

MnHhawuka, 4  ..  '.H) 

Elkhart, 11  .,101 

Hii.-tol y  ..110 

(.'(tnslantiiic, 6  ...116 

White  Pifj'eon 4  ..I*) 

Stui-uiH, I'2  -.132 

Hurr  Oak, 6  ..13S 

Hronson, 7  ..115 

Hianch, 8  ..153 

Cold  water, 2i..l5;)i 

Quincy, 6J..lt)2 

Allen's, 3  ..165 

Joneaville, 8j..l73i 

Hillsdale, 5  ..l/Ki 

Oaseo, C4..184 

Pittsford, 4  ..IHS 

Hudson, 7  ..195 

Clayton, 5i..2(»J 

Adrian, 11  ..211* 

Palmyra 74.-219 

Decrlicld, 5  ..221 

Peiersburir, 4  ..228 

Ida, 7  ..235 

Monroe  City, yi..244i 

Monroe  Pier, 3J..248 


Distance  from  Buffalo  to  Chicago,  via  Monroe, 485  miles. 

DiBtunce  from  Bufliilu  to  Chicago,  via  Toledo, 495  milts. 


